VOA常速英语2013--粮农组织警告动物来源疾病的传播

FAO: Animal to Human Disease More Likely 粮农组织警告动物来源疾病的传播

About 70 percent of the new diseases that have infected humans in recent decades have come from animals. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization warns it’s getting  easier for diseases to make that jump as the population and food-supply chains grow.

最近几十年来影响人类的新疾病中有70%的来自动物，联合国粮农组织警告说，随着人口和粮食供应链的发展，疾病是很容易这样蔓延的。

The FAO has released a new reported called World Livestock 1 2013: Changing Disease Landscapes. It says those landscapes have become “vastly more complicated” by human  activity.

粮农组织公布了名为《世界牲畜2013:改变疾病现状》的新报告，称这些现状因人类活动变得更加复杂。

“I think that if we continue the state of play, we’ll only see more diseases emerge – more natural resources disappear – and more threats to the human health into  the food chain,” said Juan Lubroth, the agency’s Chief Veterinary Officer.

“我想如果我们继续现状，不仅更看到更多的疾病出现，还有更多的自然资源消失，更多与人类健康有关的威胁进入食物链。”

He described conditions as the “perfect microbial storm.”

他称这些现状为“完美的微生物风暴。”

“We have certain issues such as climate change, particularly humidity and tropical weathers. We have increased globalization, more traffic across the world. People  traveling more, more trade. We are encroaching into habitats that previously 2 we as humans did not really know those ecological 3 niches 4 were occupied by other species.  But we are invading them.”

“我们面临着气候变化等问题，尤其是潮湿和热带天气。世界越来越全球化，全世界的车辆增多。人们旅行得多了，做更多生意。我们侵入一些栖息地，作为人类我们之前并不知道这些生态 区位是被其他物种占据的，但我们却在侵犯它们。”

He said inadequate 5 healthcare systems and sanitation 6 infrastructure 7 raise the risk of disease in poor areas. And as population grows, livestock production intensifies 8,  which has its own set of risk factors.

他说，不完善的医疗系统和卫生基础设施使得贫困地区的疾病风险增加，随着人口的增加，牲畜产量也在增加，而这其中有着内在的风险因素。

“As we intensify 9 livestock production, we have created, let’s say, a monoculture. By using antibiotics 10, for example, as growth promoters or antibiotics without the  supervision of qualified 11 personnel, we do allow for disease resistant 12 organisms to go throughout the herd 13 or throughout the community. And this can, at the end, affect  human health,” he said.

“随着我们增加牲畜产量，我们也创造了单一栽培。比如使用抗生素来促进生长，或者在缺少有资格人员的监督下使用抗生素，这样具有抗疾病能力的有机物就进入牲畜或整个社区，这样就 影响了人类健康。”

Lubroth gave some examples of diseases that have jumped from animals to humans.

卢布罗斯解释了几个疾病从动物传播到人类的例子。

“The origin of the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, which causes AIDS, probably had its precursor 14 in something that we know today to be simian 15 or monkey  immunodeficiency virus. And then even more recently, we have the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 16, which is caused by a corona 17 virus, which likely has an animal  origin. We are at the point in research, which we still are trying to find out what origin that is.”

“导致艾滋病的人体免疫缺损病毒的前身可能是我们今天所知的猴免疫缺陷病毒，近年来出现的中东呼吸综合症是由可能来自动物的冠状病毒引发的。我们正在研究中，仍在努力找到其来源 。”

Other diseases that have emerged from animals over the last five to ten years, he says, include the Nipah and Hendra viruses. These are usually found in bats.

他说过去5到10年里来自动物的疾病还包括立百病毒和亨德拉病毒，这些病毒通常是在蝙蝠身上发现的。

“Probably more familiar to your readers or listeners will be the H5N1avian influenza 18, which in 2003 spread in Southeast Asia. And by 2006 was present in over 60  countries and territories,” he said.

“可能我们的读者和听众更熟悉的是禽流感病毒H5N1型，2003年这种病毒在东南亚流行，到了2006年有60多个国家和地区有这种病毒。”

The Food and Agriculture Organization is calling for a holistic 19 approach to meet the growing disease threat. This involves scientists, researchers and doctors and  others from many disciplines working together and sharing information.

粮农组织呼吁采取全面措施来应对越发严重的疾病威胁，这就需要各学科的科学家、研究者、医生等人员通力合作，共享信息。

The report said the holistic approach includes reducing poverty, addressing biological threats posed by globalization and climate change and better safety and health  measures in livestock production.

这份报告称全面措施包括减少贫困，减少全球化和气候变化引发的生物威胁，在牲畜生产上采取更好的安全和健康措施。

The FAO Chief Veterinary Officer is promoting – what he called – tackling the disease at source.  He said that means snuffing out a potential outbreak at a  particular location, village or town before it can spread.

粮农组织首席兽医官正在宣传从源头解决疾病问题，他说这意味着在特定的地段、村庄或城镇在潜在疾病蔓延之前就将之铲除。