时间:2019-01-30 作者:英语课 分类:农业与发展


英语课

DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Bringing Color to Life With Natural Dyes
By Jill Moss 1


Broadcast: Monday, August 15, 2005


I'm Barbara Klein with the VOA Special English Development Report.


Dye can bring a little color to life. Most clothing is colored with dyes. Modern, manufactured dyes can be costly 2. Natural dyes from plant and animal products have been used since ancient times. So this week, we describe a natural way to dye wool.


The advice comes from information written by Jenny Dean of the Intermediate Technology Development Group. This anti-poverty group in Britain has a new name, Practical Action.


There are several methods to put dye onto material. The vat 3 method, for example, can be used to dye wool with onionskins. For this example, use one hundred grams of natural wool. The wool must be clean. Leave it overnight in water and liquid soap. Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently squeeze out the extra water.


A solution called a mordant 4 is used in the dying process. A mordant helps fix the dye to the material. Traditionally, mordants 5 were found in nature. Wood ash is one example. But chemical mordants such as alum are popular today. Alum is sold in many stores. It is often mixed with cream of tartar, a fine powder commonly used in cooking.


Mix eight grams of alum with seven grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to eighty-two degrees Celsius 6. Heat the mixture for forty-five minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.


To prepare the dye solution, cover thirty grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry, brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their color, about forty-five minutes,. Remove the skins after the dye cools.


Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil, then immediately reduce the heat to eighty-two degrees. Now heat the dye for about forty-five minutes or until the wool is the desired color. Wool looks darker when it is wet. Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be.


Internet users can get the full details at the Web site of the group Practical Action. The address is itdg-org. Again, it's itdg.org.


This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss. I'm Barbara Klein.



n.苔,藓,地衣
  • Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
  • He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的
  • It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
  • This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用,左不过贵了些。
n.(=value added tax)增值税,大桶
  • The office is asking for the vat papers.办事处要有关增值税的文件。
  • His father emptied sacks of stale rye bread into the vat.他父亲把一袋袋发霉的黑面包倒进大桶里。
adj.讽刺的;尖酸的
  • Actors feared the critic's mordant pen.演员都惧怕这位批评家辛辣尖刻的笔调。
  • His mordant wit appealed to students.他那尖刻的妙语受到学生们的欢迎。
vt.媒染,用媒染剂处理(mordant的第三人称单数形式)
  • But chemical mordents mordants such as allon alum are popular today. 但是化学腐蚀剂例如明矾现在很流行。 来自互联网
  • But chemical moments mordants such as alen alum are popular today. 但是像明矾这样的化学染剂现今很流向。 来自互联网
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
  • The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
学英语单词
adrenalopathy
apple polishing
arc of fire
arteria interossea volaris
atrioventricular cushion
automatic correction device
auxiliary terminals
bacterium tremo
balakhana
beach phonograph
big red
blueback salmon
bottom door operating handle
brilliantly
bucket searching operation
cage mast
calci-
camryn
chemical reactivity control system
colliery siding
communal enjoyment
cotton pipe
cow's tail
d-pimaric acid
datum bench-mark
drainage network
electric currents
eligible bill for rediscounting
emblements
exchange broadening
extremely sensitive
fixability
fluid level gage
forms control
Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie
glucose-dependent
Grosshansdorf
group pile action
grouping of recovery records
Hall resistance
heat regulation
hog holding device
incorrect switching
inferior choroid plexus
initial success
International Association for Biological Oceanography
intersexual male
jag-offs
Kandy Dist.
locator (l)
lower pintle
mangrove forest
mercantile financial report
microcytic anaemia
mind-wipe
misdivision haploid
move up and down
new construction survey
non-Archimedean field
non-sinusoidal complete orthogonal function
nuclear transplanta-tion
ocelusal contact
OSART (Operational Safety Review Team)
oscillographic balancing
overall submerged length
palmoplantar eczema
permittances
pin dot
Potamogeton wrightii
precision attenuator
print mechanism
profluency
proun
psychophysicotherapeutics
pupil imaging
pure coal
quivers
retapamulin
roll flattening
saissetia coffeae (signoret)
semi-focusing
separate connection
slipperness
snubness
sole weight
spacecraft long-term operation management
Sphyrapicus
split treatment
student feedback
São João, R.
T-engine
tectus pyramis
thoratec
three-channel
transmit distortion
two-man capsule simulator
upfaults
water-soluble film
water-supply scheme
whitemeat
workable blast
xenoestrogenicity