时间:2019-01-30 作者:英语课 分类:健康与经济


英语课

HEALTH REPORT - How Antiviral Drugs Work
By Jerilyn Watson


Broadcast: Wednesday, February 11, 2004


This is the VOA Special English Health Report.


 
A representation of how viruses attack a cell.
Here is a common situation: A person gets sick with a high temperature, muscle pain and a cough. The person goes to a doctor to ask for some antibiotics 2 to treat the infection. The doctor says the person has influenza 3 which is caused by a virus. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. They only treat infections caused by bacteria. But there are newer kinds of medicines known as antivirals.


A case of the flu usually lasts a week or two. Scientists at the United States Centers for Disease Control say early antiviral treatment can shorten that time by about one day. But they say for this to happen, people must take the medicine within the first two days of sickness.


Four antiviral drugs are approved for use against influenza in the United States. They mainly fight infections in the breathing system. Each drug has possible side effects. In the United States, a person must have an order from a doctor to receive these medicines.


Scientists say two of the four drugs are effective against the infection caused by the type A influenza virus. They are not effective against influenza type B. The other two drugs can treat both. One of these antiviral medicines, called oseltamivir, can also help prevent influenza.


Viruses invade cells and copy the genetic 4 material inside in order to reproduce. Some antivirals work by preventing this process. Or they may interfere 5 with the ability of the virus to connect itself to the cell. Other antiviral drugs prevent the virus from destroying the protective protein around a cell.


The first antiviral drugs were created in the nineteen-sixties. A number of new antivirals were in common use by the nineteen-nineties. Progress in the engineering of genes 6 and the science of molecular 7 biology made these new medicines possible. Some have helped patients suffering from diseases like hepatitis B in the liver. Other kinds of antiviral drugs are able to suppress H-I-V, the virus that causes AIDS, so a person lives longer.


Antibiotics are made from bacteria. The drugs contain organisms that damage the cells of other microbes that cause sickness. The British doctor Alexander Fleming discovered what is generally accepted as the first antibiotic 1, penicillin 8. That was in nineteen-twenty-eight. Penicillin did not come into common use, however, until the nineteen-forties.


This VOA Special English Health Report was written by Jerilyn Watson.



adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
n.(用作复数)抗生素;(用作单数)抗生物质的研究;抗生素,抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
n.流行性感冒,流感
  • They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
adj.分子的;克分子的
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
n.青霉素,盘尼西林
  • I should have asked him for a shot of penicillin.我应当让他给我打一针青霉素的。
  • Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是极其重要的医学发现。
学英语单词
abjoule
aescine
airs cryogenic aerosol processor
ala of central lobule
amangkurat
ambulator
anomala loi
arietate
auger electron emission
becking
bendalloy
blunders into
bullbeggar
chain data address
CIE-C
committed effective dose equivalent
critical layer
cross colour
cylindrical chart
debit system
diffusion theory approximation
dunno.
end control
excelsior wrapper
falkow
flat tin
flower-piece
geake
Gemmatimonadetes
GM_nouns-and-prepositions
gymnosperm
hemalyke
heteroheptamers
hitchment
hoyt
indecent assault
intrasite communications
joachann
know how many beans make five
Koninckophyllum
kordell
La Trobe R.
Lauesymmetry
liquid mirror telescope
Lynenol
Marburg hemorrhagic fever
martyrs
masking tape
mating rate of virgin female meths
MCL level
meerbeke
mesodermic
minsk mazowiecki
mitochondrional
monargentic
Montreal River
municipally-owned
n.t.
operating hazard analysis
organorubidium
overall external dimension
paper wasp
pcoes
PCSA
pectinid
Pelham, Henry
physically impaired
picture demodulator
polianthes tuberosas
polycotyleden
pubococcygeal
quashed
radial-thrust force
reception facilities
recyclists
resource data subsystem
robert capa
sadi carnots
septate fiber tracheid
single-bed converter
soap bubble
Southeyville
spermatio-
spinal vein
sporidesmium magnibrachypus
squatting speed
St-Antonin
state contables
strainer vines
straw pick-up loader
subheads
suppressed output
surface-grinding
tatoin
time-line
transfer survey inmining district
troostites
V. I.
ventora
water line corrosion
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