时间:2019-01-30 作者:英语课 分类:60秒科学


英语课

Genome: Now in 3-D!

In a study in the journal Science, researchers report the mapping of the three-dimensional structure of the human genome, and the finding that the cell's nucleus 1 is divided into two regions, one where DNA 2 goes to get expressed. Cynthia Graber reports


If the human genome were put in a straight line, it would be over six and a half feet long. So how do you store all that DNA in a tiny nucleus? And have the cell manage it? Researchers explain how in a study featured on the cover of the October 9th issue of the journal Science.


Using new analytic 3 techniques, Erez Lieberman and colleagues found that the genome is packed into what’s called a “fractal globule”—despite being intensely twisted, the string of genes 4 never knots. This type of shape was mathematically postulated 5 over a century ago, and has now been shown to describe the genome’s three-dimensional structure.


But the big finding is that the cell nucleus has two compartments—and genes are only active in one. All cells carry the same complete genome, but different genes get turned on, for example, in a liver cell compared with a nerve cell. Turns out that the genes to be used in a given cell get shuttled into the nucleus’s active section. Dormant 6 genes stay out. The system allows each cell to make sense of information stored trillions of times more densely 7 than what’s on a computer chip.


—Cynthia Graber

 



n.核,核心,原子核
  • These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
  • These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
adj.分析的,用分析方法的
  • The boy has an analytic mind. 这男孩有分析的头脑。
  • Latin is a synthetic language,while English is analytic.拉丁文是一种综合性语言,而英语是一种分析性语言。
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
v.假定,假设( postulate的过去式和过去分词 )
  • They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container. 他们假定塑料容器的寿命为500年。
  • Freud postulated that we all have a death instinct as well as a life instinct. 弗洛伊德曾假定我们所有人都有生存本能和死亡本能。 来自辞典例句
adj.暂停活动的;休眠的;潜伏的
  • Many animals are in a dormant state during winter.在冬天许多动物都处于睡眠状态。
  • This dormant volcano suddenly fired up.这座休眠火山突然爆发了。
ad.密集地;浓厚地
  • A grove of trees shadowed the house densely. 树丛把这幢房子遮蔽得很密实。
  • We passed through miles of densely wooded country. 我们穿过好几英里茂密的林地。
标签: 60秒科学 genome
学英语单词
abstracting process
acoustic conductivity
anxious delirium
AOG
association of flight attendants
averett
bakir
benigna
biased diode
Bishkek
boysie
brace for
Canucks
capital letters
check gauge
compulsory education law
coralsnake
counter-controlled photograph
counterbalance
coxswin's box
croaks
damage control locker
decimal floating point value
deep fade
demissa
demolition expense
direct-writing oscillograph
disconnection register
dolders
double-ended break without separation
endoproteinases
family ostreidaes
final working drawings
flood tuff
forced warm air heating
fractionalize
go head to head
golda
governor of velocity
hyperfiber
i'nt
id-ul-fitr
independent-counsel
knapsack lever-type sprayer
labor and management
let out a sigh
load-magnitude
measured lubrication
medical frequency band
Mikir Hills
molecular sieves adsorbing tower
mould(mold)
neutral absorber
owego
pathomolecular
pluvionivation
positive displacement metering valve
President George W. Bush
print statement
priori restrictions
pugged clay
Pulex cheopis
quite circular in outline
reaction cycle
Reblochons
red coloration
reflux ratio
Rhamnoliquiritin
rhombohedral hemimorphic class
roll feeder surge bin
S5
Saussurea robusta
scruffled
Scutellaria oligophlebia
single step call transfer
Slǎnic Moldova
Sommerfeld theory
speywoods
Spinagnostus
Staggergrass
standard voltage generator
stauntonia obovata hemsl.
superficial dentin caries
supplementary log book
sympathies
symphysions
table look up instruction
tender negotiation
the means of relay protection
Thetford-Mines
time-current characteristics
torn-apart
triggering energy
uniformly most accurate confidence interval
unparasitized
vas communicans
Vasvar
Vazzola
velum medullary
voluntary payment
vouchsafed
worthiness