时间:2019-01-26 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

考研学生提高英语阅读理解能力一般要经历四个发展阶段: 
  1. 字面心译阶段,即在阅读时要通过逐词心译来理解原文。由于两种语言在句子语法结构、词语用法、语言习惯等方面存在着许多差异,这个阶段对原文的理解常会发生错误。


  2. 分析性心译阶段,即在对原文的词语和结构进行一些分析以后,再进行心译,或心译过程伴随着词语和结构的分析。这时理解力比前一阶段有所提高,但阅读速度很慢。
  3. 综合性心译阶段。在这个阶段由于语言水平的提高,阅读经验的积累,不经分析而直接将原文译成汉语。
  4. 直接理解原文阶段。在这个阶段由于语言能力的提高,读者的理解已进入英语思维的模式,可以直接理解原文。
  以上4个阶段只是大体上的划分,在实际阅读训练中,这4个阶段不是截然分割的。比如,处于第2阶段时,也不可能对每个句子都分析一遍后再来心译。第4阶段也可能伴随少量的心译,因为本族语毕竟是理解外语的媒介。
  了解阅读能力提高的过程有利于加速阅读能力的培养。一般来说,我们的考生是处在介乎第2和第3阶段之间。对所读的材料有时要经过查阅词典,分析心译成汉语才能达到真正的理解。这作为阅读能力提高的一个阶段是不可避免的。但要努力缩短这一阶段,防止这种阅读方法成为定势。要尽可能减少心译,以提高阅读速度,达到基本上直接理解原文的阶段。
  从逻辑和思维的角度看,阅读理解能力的提高是一个由浅入深、由片面到全面、由低层次到高层次的发展过程。较低层次的理解是字面理解。考生对所读内容只能理解字面含义。随着理解的不断深化,考生逐渐进入推断性理解层次。考生慢慢能从语篇结构的高度来审视文章内容的逻辑结构和内在联系,从而进入更深层次的理解,如从字里行间理解作者要表达的内涵。最高层次是评价性阅读理解。研究生英语入学考试中的阅读理解就属于这个层次。这时考生需能凭借自己的阅读经验和分析能力对所读文章和题目选项进行评价,如:选择项所传递的信息是否确切、事实是否可靠、结论是否正确以及信息的应用价值等。
  考研学生应具备哪些能力才能应对阅读考试的需要呢?
  1. 理解文章的主旨、抓住全文的中心思想和展开中心思想的逻辑层次;
  2. 理解文章中的具体信息和细节;
  3. 理解明确或隐含表达的概念性含义;
  4. 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;
  5. 根据上下文推测不熟悉词语的含义;
  6. 理解作者的写作目的、态度、语气及文章的基调;
  7. 以上各项能力要求必须在规定的时间内完成。
  I. Reading Comprehension: 
  Text 1
  (2004 RC 4 ) 
  Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education – not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive 1 anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. 
  Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. 
  But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully 2 participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”



adj.普遍的;遍布的,(到处)弥漫的;渗透性的
  • It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
  • The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的,并且难以估算。
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
学英语单词
access privilege
after deck house
albach
alkali resistant cement concrete flooring
allowable steering error
analyticality
Andromeda galaxy
auxin
Babcock-Levy test
be fast stuck in the mire of
biofunctionability
books of deuteronomy
bore to tear
bottones
branch always command
Bronllys
building property title certificate
caravelle
Certificate of Measurement andor Weight
checkovers
cloakings
cloth print
collecting pipe
commander psychology
cylindrical lathe cutting
deris
diffraction fringe
druick
dry astringent eye
dwarf chinkapin oaks
dynamical symmetry
extensive structure models
fa las
flange hub
flysch formation
foot mat
free-standing insert
from the very nature of the case
full depth welding
full-blown
general-purpose instruction
Godavari River
greenblatts
group center exchange
heave a sign of relief
high sticks
hold brief for sb.
immunocomplex
instant picture
jibber
juvenscence
Knobby Hd.
Kriti, Nisos
labilest
lands on
lechwallen (sweden)
london-area
long-vowels
magnetic force driving pump
Mascarene Is.
metiazic acid
millfield
Mogor Hal
N-acetylgalactosamine dipho-sphouridine
nervus radialis
noise shielding
non-convertible bond
nonflow system
order Pezizales
path attenuation
pay the Cain
Peninga
phonosemantically
piercel
pineal body
powters
product mix problem
purple fringeless orchids
rate of flow of kinetic energy
resident status
ribin
self-purification of waters
service path
shared batch area
silk market
Sisoazcini
solar cell support
spiral tungsten cable
squaimous
stabber
standard output function
Sugru
sulfur coal
super juice extractor
Tamarix juniperina
texturable
track radar
Ubisch body
unself-consciously
vertical off-normal spring
vortigern
white-knuckles