PBS高端访谈:特朗普政府废除奥巴马水资源保护规定

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Just days ago, the EPA's new administrator 1, Scott Pruitt, promised an aggressive rollback of environmental regulations that had been put in place by former President Obama. The future, he said, ain't what it used to be.

　　President Trump 2 made good on his and Pruitt's pledge today with an order to dismantle 3 a controversial Obama rule about smaller bodies of water in the U.S.
　　William Brangham has the story.
　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: It's called the waters of the United States rule, and it has to do with which smaller bodies of water, like streams and wetlands, should be regulated and protected by the federal government under the Clean Water Act.
　　That question has been litigated in court battles for years.
　　And so for more on what today's move is all about, I'm joined now by Juliet Eilperin, who's been reporting on this for The Washington Post.
　　Juliet, welcome back to the NewsHour.
　　Before we get into the rollback, can you tell me what this rule is really about? And this was, as I understand it, a very big part of Obama's environmental legacy 4.
　　JULIET EILPERIN, The Washington Post: This is a 2015 rule, which has been subject to litigation, which tries to clarify what, as you alluded 5 to, has been really a 30-year battle over what jurisdiction 6 the federal government has over these smaller streams, some are intermittent 7, some wetlands, and essentially 8 what the federal government can tell Americans, including farmers, ranchers, homebuilders, what they can and cannot do, even when it has to do with private property, because it has implications for smaller water bodies that are crucial water supply for larger water bodies across the United States.
　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: So, is this about a rule that is trying to protect these waters from pollution? Is that the issue here?
　　JULIET EILPERIN: Partially 10, it's pollution, but what it pertains 11 to many often is whether they can be drained or filled in. All of those actions, which are in some ways the inevitable 12 product of these operations that happen in various different sectors 13 of the economy, have implications for whether that water will then flow into larger water bodies.
　　And so it is usually a restriction 14 on whether you can drain something or dig up something, as opposed to, for example, just dumping in pollutants 15 into a small water body, although, technically 16, it could apply to that as well.
　　特朗普政府废除奥巴马水资源保护规定
　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: I see.
　　I know that a lot of farmers and businesses and developers have said that this rule was hugely burdensome to them. Was this an issue primarily of cost to them, or confusion about what rules were covered? What was the issue?
　　JULIET EILPERIN: It was a combination of both the costs that they might have to incur 17, but also whether they were permitted to do something or not.
　　So, you had — one thing that's difficult is essentially these activities were being decided 18 on a case-by-case basis, and so you had individual operators, whether you're talking about someone who is operating a gravel 19 pit or trying to expand a parking lot or do something on his or her ranch 9 — all of those folks were engaged in conversations with the Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps 20 of Engineers.
　　And sometimes the decisions didn't go the way they wanted to. There were fines imposed on them. And so there were these long-running disputes happening across the country where the federal government was saying, that in order to protect these sources of water, they couldn't do things or had to pay for some of the actions that they undertook.
　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: I understand a lot of environmental groups and some sporting groups have been very critical of this rollback. What is their complaint?
　　JULIET EILPERIN: Their argument — and there certainly are a lot of them — is that these water bodies, though it might be inconvenient 21 to have restrictions 22, were crucial habitat for everything from waterfowl, many migratory 23 birds, aquatic 24 species, as well as a source of drinking water for millions of Americans.
　　And so these groups, primarily outdoor recreation groups, as well as many environmental groups, worked extensively during the Obama administration to get them to finalize 25 this rule, in the hopes that there would be an overarching standard that could be applied 26 across the country that would provide more stringent 27 protections for these streams and wetlands.
　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: So, with President Trump's order, this doesn't immediately undue 28 the rule. Like, tomorrow, the rule doesn't disappear, right?
　　JULIET EILPERIN: It doesn't, although the Sixth Circuit has put a nationwide stay on the rule, so the rule has not gone into effect and will not go into effect.
　　And, in fact, the order that President Trump signed instructs the attorney general to ask that court to simply hold that lawsuit 29 in abeyance 30, essentially freezing this rule further, while the two agencies that are charged with overseeing it look at whether they can undo 31 it, although that again is an extensive process and will spur more lawsuits 32 going forward.
　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: All right, Juliet Eilperin of The Washington Post, thanks so much.
　　JULIET EILPERIN: Thank you.