时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
adaptive-optics
additional commitment
amorphous phase
analog sound
anaphorically
annalized
antirevolution
arrow root starch
Atlas rocket
Bannesdorf auf Fehmarn
binder modification
braine le comte
callback
Candin
cantral terminal unit
cash ratio deposits
Cassoalala
circulation integral
collection service
continuing professional education (cpe)
continuous string
convolute mineralization
cubic-lattice cell
differents
dining-table
dioxygens
drp
easy bilge
elasto-plastic system
Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros
final periods
fireband
formed stool
garbage trucks
Geesteren
give it another brush
greenish-grey
Hemerocallis forrestii
heparphosphotides
hexagonal-close-packed
Hochkalter
hoof-pick
hourglass curve
Imidazolo-2-Idrossibenzoate
induplication
infiltration tunnel
International Meeting of Marine Radio Aids to Navigation
Joliet, Louis
juvenile sulfur
kachang puteh
Kyaikpi
Lhenice
lifting and moving equipment
long hundred
Luchki
made for life
maquiladoras
Mary Queen of Scots
megaton bomb
metering characteristic of nozzle
mixed mode
modulation reference level
moneyhatting
NATO phonetic alphabet
nested scope
nonnarcotics
olpc
Phosphor Bronze Strip
physical distance measuring
postgena
premires
Processing loss
pyloric stenosis
queueing network model
rapid growths
re-activating
redundant recording
reheat steam conditions
right elevation
Roig, C.
rosenstiel
Rubus mesogaeus
san juan de camarones
sedentary polychaete
shikimic acid
standard specific volume
Staphylininae
sterile food
sweet basils
swing tow
temperature - sensitive mutant
the furies
top-blown
turnover ratio of accounts payable
uninstructively
united parcel service
water-stage transmitter
wax-bill
white firs
Wirrega
yellow-backeds
youthward