时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
abscess of peritoneum
air accumulater
alimentary system
basic insulation
before the court
capitals of the bahamas
Central Khmer
cigar filler
considered opinion
continuous wave instrumentation radar
contoured chill
cooling wet cooling towers
crossed homomorphism
desalination by ion exchange membrane
descending luminance
discomfited
double heart curve
Down syndrome
dryelement cell
early fialure period
Eastery
edaravone
electro-optic devices
eriocephala
eriss
esperoes
evaporation layer
evaporite facies
exchange point
field mill
fixed-pitch propeller
free on application
Gibbons
have your own way
Henry Watson Fowler
iceball
ill-fitteds
jonaitis
kurtzite
lawful adoption
left lower quadrant
luini
maigers
Malluch
Maloti Mts.
manometric flame
matcher exponent
maximum sag of conductor
methylcholanthrene(-induced)sarcoma
moonpools
multipurpose development
Mycocalicium
neck-chains
nuclear propulsion aircraft
oppermann
orientation range
orthogonal idempotent elements
outer law
pack on
page formatting
Palaeosyops
parasocial
path independent protocol
press for
ptyelus vittatus
pulse x rays
pyridine
radiuses
raise the ante
Ramses X
re-
reduce speed
regrooving of worn tyre
roto-tom
Samboes
satellite RNA
silicon bench
SNAP system for nuclear auxiliary power
spermatophore sac
Stabilin
standstill policy
swing of pendulum
swung it
Synacur
Sφnderholm
tarry black stool
tempas
tertiana duplicata
threaded one end
threadsafe
to-stink
torsional response quantity
tree grammars inference
Upstart B.
Useful idiot
Vaikam
vertex cover number
volume heat capacity
vulvovaginal anus
win sympathy of
wing tip truss
yellow water lilies