时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
a yard
abston
anne marie l.
aticoantcotomy
axis of level
back-to-school goods
band of tyre carcas
berrada
chromatoids
clometacine
cold-mould furnace
colourless flux
completely unobservable
conformable oil ring
dibromothymolsulfonaphthalein
doubledome
elastic limit in compression
entrance region
Eriobotrya obovata
eruptive facies
Evangelical Free Church of America
fetal thalidomide syndrome
folliclllar phase
freefloating
further assemblies
ginger snap
global statistics
glycol dibutyrate
GNOC
great St John's wort
Hashanot
HCLIP
helsum
imposthumes
integrated task index
interspatial
irrigating
jettons
layer insulation test
lead sheet roofing
lower course
lung root
mcclanahan
meastling
medium manganese steel
mobbed
mould yard
nidificate
OLE server
open-ends
orthocardiac sign
Owens L.
Paatela
parasiti suppressor
PFPS
piston land
pleuston megaloplankton
polygonone
Preputium clitoridis
propagating body
rauch
regenerative squaring amplifier
rhachianalgesia
rhombiferous
rifampicins
S.I.U.
saccharization
sand sintering
satellite elevation
screw for bearing wheel of oscillating weight
segment memory
self-triggering program
Selonopsis
semen lathyridis
shape poem
skiploads
solid flat metal gasket
source In
spectacless
split-grade
statistical geography
straits of georgia
tap for English standard thread
telemetering
tetraethyl pyrophosphate (tepp)
thermanaesthesia
three-way piece
time of year
to-drive
toploftiness
Tortugas, L.de las
Trinity B.
two-side plough tripper
un-fun
user-defined format
variable-velocity scanning
ventral sucker
videophony
vladimir lenins
weighted random early detection
zhenren yangzang decoction
zone of recessive basal margin