时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
a jour
adjustment of leveling circuits
air cleaning machine
amount of the offset
arbitrary detention
ardvrecks
Artibonite, Dép.del'
at the appointed time
automated rapid transit
axial flow action turbine
baseballers
basin hydropower development planning
calcium fumarate
chromaffin-cell tumor
complex database operation
constant-deformation test
control desk for maintenance and supervision
countre
creel stand
creeping material
crossed edged bit
cumulative spectra
dough mixing time
down coming wave
ergaea walshi
exosperm
fashion coordinator
filter thickener
food environment
foolish-looking
fourth-orders
frame difference filtering
furnace pipe
hiders
hotbed
Houeydets
in danger of
insect virus
inventioneer
kmpg
Koyoshi-gawa
literacy campaign
loop cecking system
majority carrier emitter
make perfection more perfect
manucodes
material function
mechanistic model
Mendelianinheritance
middle-of-the-day
millimeter wave signal
mitalks
money market certificate of deposit
monoenergetic beam
morphinomane
multiple junction
multiply time
multivariable process
Māniksār
nanguer
narrow angle coordinator
office action
olusatrum
orthoroentgenograp
paganize
paleomagnetism
pasterns
printing telegraphy
processing paste
pulsed poloidal magnetic field (bp)
quantitative inorganic microanalysis
range deflection fan
re-defined
RFE,R.F.E.
Rimatara
Ring of Fire
risee
rodless
Ryazan'
salesman sales quota
Samsung Galaxy
Shaikhs
ship propeller noise
shrieved
side title
sizing material
software engineering management model
soundradar
structured walk-through
subthreshold stimuli
swab man
teamaking
temporarily hard water
testmamenti factio activa
time to pulse height converter
tormenters
turoks
tut work
underbutts
undulatory
vent ability
work-rooms