时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
accounts payable account
Adurelan
Agave L.
Alfred the Great
amphivorous
angle of equal legs
anode half-bridge
ardosiaceus
atomic compound
balance regulated movement
bed-sittingroom
bedeswomen
bedrops
belt sanding
betol
catcher mark
caulerpa cupressoides lycopodium corum
chloriridovicus
club fender
cluster control unit
curagen
DWC
e-travel
earringed
economic associations
equation of condition
evreuxes
field-based
fixed disk storage
fixed-coil indicator
forming operation
free volume theory
golding by dipping
grande-alle
great bear market
Grizebeck
Hardy, Godfred Harold
hargus
Kolyshleyskiy Rayon
Leonid
Let me be your banker
lime fertilizer
long-expecteds
Lummer-Brodhun photometer
malleablizing annealing
Marmota
materials goods
mesoxalic acid diethyl ester
methylarsine oxide
micro-circuit module
mittellandkanal (mittelland can.)
nebular transitions
needers
non bribery
nuclear plasma rocket engine
oil outlet valve
optical inactivity
ossified lipoma
outland
perceptual processes
piatkus
planning programming budgeting system
processor complex
pseudocyst
puninesses
radiohalogenation
ramsauer-townsend- collision cross-section
rate of climb (roc)
relational programming language
remacemide
rhinomanometric
rotovator
RSA system
Rusutsu
Selitrennoye
semi-identity
Shevchenkovka
Siculiana
silicon photoelectric diode
special investigators
stetka
stow away from heat
Stretton group
switchless network
Taraxacum abbreviatulum
the day is not far distant when
the doctrine of the mean
Thiobenzene
tillett
tincture camphor compound
total static head
toxituberculid
tutela actio
ultimate holding company
undefused
unicellular gland
vessel internals
volatile reducing substance
wide-angle eye
will've
Woolley's fever
yellow mercury subsulfate