时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
Abies sachalinensis
affinity filtration
alphameric graphic display
alto piquiri
anchoring chain
Aulacomniaceae
Aung San Suu Kyi
Bad Page Break
bear the market
bidirectional combined type marshalling station
body cross of axes
bottom blank line
British National Party
brokenhead r.
camaieus
cave-diving
Charles Herbert Best
chelonibia patula
chromazol yellow 2R
cimpulung (campulung)
Claveyson
coarctatest
computerphobics
connecting sheet
controllable pitch screw
cumulites
cylindrical flue boiler
decision process for hypothesis testing
deconstructional
delace
detachable magazine
djuradjs
double-point switch
downward swing door
dreamland
dumpster-diving
dutchess
dynamic programming application
edge-strength
epipalatum
fissure of nipple
Froude, William
galvanotropism
Garinskiy
gaseous envelope
glirid
go-on symbol
Goredin
grams per cubic meter
Guemez
gypsum horizon
half model
Halhjem
helium group gas
hyperabundances
hypophosphorylated
infructiferous
keytar
KHNN
kujimycin
lessive brown earth
Level-Trol
life insurance policy
linear variable resistor
lunule
magnetic crystalline energy
Minor Metals
momordicas
mosquito control
neutron inelastic scattering
non contracting party
non-utilitarian
obtuse angled triagnle
ornithogalums
Oroquieta
Peremilovskiye Gory
picarooned
post-reformation
postpartum iliofemoral thrombophlebitis
present at
Prunus armeniaca L.
pure Christiania
random access addressing
reactor coolant pump
recycle bin
resistance ratio
right angle side
schaapsteker
schemeful
scientific prediction
shift-reduce parser
Spirillum metchnikovii
Styrax dasyanthus
thick film composition dielectric
tubular nose
unpermeablized
unremittent
uranium(iii) sulfide
vertical layout of production areas
visnagidin
whispering mode
wrist spinner