时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:英语作文


英语课

    英语写作中的选词和造句

    众所周知,词汇(Vocabulary)是构成语言的最小单位。因此,要想写出一篇好的文章,首要的一点就是要尽可能多地熟悉和掌握英语词汇。一般来说,掌握的词汇越多,运用英语的能力也会越强。那么怎样才能扩大词汇量呢?最佳方法之一是大量阅读。同学们可以选择适合自己程度的多种英语书籍、报刊、画册来阅读。在阅读过程中,由于单词、词组的反复出现,同学们也就能反复接触到这些单词和词组,从而巩固所记的词汇。同时通过文章、句子学习词语,对词语的意义、用法能理解得更深、更全面,这样也就更容易记忆了。单词是学习语言的一个重要环节。要通过各种方法去记忆、理解、运用所学的单词,扩大自己的词汇量,为下一步进行熟练写作打下坚实的基础。

    在掌握了一定数量的基础词汇后,就要选词进行写作训练了。要学会用最有用也最常用的词来表达自己的思想。用词组句往往没有统一的标准,但一定要注意将正式用语与非正式用语、书面语与非书面语区别开来。还要清楚各类词的特点和在句子中的功用,能熟练地进行词与词的搭配组合。

    关于词汇就简单地说这些吧。下面该谈谈如何才能写出好句子了。那么什么样的句子才算好句子呢?

    如何造句?——1.句子要完整。完整是好句子的第一要点。

    2.句子要连贯。所谓连贯,一是指意思上的连贯;二是指结构上的连贯。也就是说一个句子不仅要做到思想内容的和谐,还要做到遣词造句的和谐。例如: Tell my friend if she is at home,I will go to see her.

    该句因语序的关系,使意思不明确。如果 my friend与she是同一个人,我们应该说:If my friend is at home,tell her I will go to see her.如果不是同一个人,就应说:Tell my friend I will go to see her if she is at home.

    又如:An Indian 1 came 2 into the doctor's door,and walked quickly to the waiting room.

    该句两部分不合乎思维顺序,动作没有按先后排列,所以造成了语无伦次。应改为:

    An Indian came into the waiting room,and walked quickly to the doctor's door.

    以上从内容上分析了句子的连贯性。即写句子要保持自然的语序,让意义紧密相连的词紧挨在一起,同时各部分要按一定的逻辑排列。

    3.句子须简洁。句中不应有任何不必要的词。只要意思充分地表达了,用词越少越好。用词过多只会使意思更加模糊不清,而不是更加清楚。

    4.句子要重点突出。凡是重要的意思都应在表达时予以强调。为此说话时人们可用各种方法,如提高声音、放慢语速、使用短句或加上手势等。写文章时,也可以使用倒装、感叹、重复、反问等方法对应该强调的词语或句子加重语气。一般情况下,一个句子的开头和末尾是比较引人注目的地方。如:There was 3 an old woman at the head of the queue 4.这是一般的表达方式。但可进行这样改:At the head of the queue was an old woman.通过这种结构的改变分别突出了at the head of the queue以及an old woman.这样句子就显得非常生动有力。

    5.句子要多样化。句型的多样化,对好的文章来说是必不可少的。好几句长短相同、结构相似的句子连在一起,如果又用同一个名词或代词作主语,必然会显得很单调。为多样化起见,短句和长句,简单句、并列句和复合句等都应交错使用。也可偶尔用一个问句、祈使句或感叹句,但是不要只是为了多样化而频频变换句型。

    6.句子要一致。一个句子无论长短应当只有一个中心思想。句中的词、短语应当紧紧围绕这一中心思想服务。如果时而谈甲,时而谈乙,则会破坏句子的一致性。如: Class Three have a map,and the map is on the wall of their classroom,it's a map of China.

    此句在语法和词汇上都没有什么错,但由于东拼西凑,让人不知所云。如果将这一大句改为三个短句,使每句都有一个中心思想,那么就条理清楚,意义明确了。试比较: Class Three have a map.The map is on the wall of their classroom.It's a map of China.

    句子的一致性是一个句子的意思清楚与否的关键。要达到一致性就要保持主语的一致、思想的完整、逻辑的合理和修饰的紧密。如: I opened the door,and the cat was under a desk,and the desk was black.

    这个句子意思混乱,因为主语不断改变。如果我们用I作全句主语,并作适当删改,则句子简单明了,意思清楚而且句子紧凑。比较一下: I opened the door and found 5 the cat under a black desk.

    上面谈了一下什么样的句子才是好句子。那么同学们在平时写作中经常犯些什么错误呢?一般有以下几种:

    1.语序错误。句子语序有自然语序和倒装语序两种。一不注意就会出错。例如:

    Could 6 you tell me where is the park?→ Could you tell me where the park is?

    What a beautiful girl is she!→ What a beautiful girl she is!

    2.句子中时态、语态的错误。英语中常用时态有一般式、现在式和完成式。语态有主动语态和被动语态,一定要正确使用。如:

    The house has been built 7 five years ago.→ The house was built five years  ago.

    The bike hasn't returned 8 yet 9.→ The bike hasn't been returned yet.

    3.句子中出现不平行结构。平行结构类似汉语的排比句式,它常常用同样的格式表达两个以上平行内容。平行结构可以是单词、短语或分句。如:

    We can get there either 10 by car or taking a bus.→ We can get there either by car or by bus.

    She likes studying English but she doesn't like English grammar 12.→ She likes studying English but she doesn't like studying English grammar.

    4.串句。串句是指两个以上的句子串写在一起,中间不见标点,不见连词,造成结构层次不清,逻辑意义混乱。改正方法:用标点(逗号、分号或句号)将串句点开;添加适当连词,使句子形成并列或主从关系,用修饰语替换其中一个或几个句子,使整个句子变成修饰语的简单句。如:

    Everybody 13 thinks a king 11 can do he wants to do.→ Everybody thinks a king can do what he wants to do.

    5.汉语式英语。英汉两种语言在表达习惯上有很大差异,要注意别犯汉语式英语错误。如:

    This morning has no classes.→ There are no classes this morning .

    Although 14 he is over 60,but he is very healthy.→ He is over 60,but he is very healthy.→ Although he is over 60,he is very healthy.

    除了上面所述外,对英语的五种基本句型和其他常见句型也要了如指掌,只有这样才能写出清楚、正确的句子来。在进行英语写作时,一个同样的意思,常可用同义或近义词语表达,或用不同的句型结构来表达。因此,平时,多做一些句型转换训练是非常有必要的。下面做几个小题练练吧!

    改错:

    ①She has finished 15 the writing 16 yesterday.

    ②To study English well,England is the best place to go.

    ③I don't know when we will have a meeting 17 and where the meeting will be held.

    ④He very likes English.

    ⑤What you mean?

    Key:

    ①He finished the writing yesterday./He has finished the writing.

    ②To study English well,the best place for you to go is England.

    ③I don'tknow when and where we will have a meeting.

    ④He likes English very much.

    ⑤What do you mean?



adj.印度(人)的;n.印度人;印第安人
  • Is that indian tea or chinese tea?那是印度茶还是中国茶?
  • One day they met an old Indian who lived there.一天他们碰到一位当地的老印第安人。
v.动词come的过去式
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
n.队列;辫子;长队;vt.梳成辫子;vi. 排队
  • To what window are you standing in a queue?你在排哪个窗口的队?
  • I had to queue for quite a while.我不得不排一会儿队。
v.建立,创立,创办;vbl.(find的过去分词)找到
  • I found him at home.我发现他在家。
  • The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
v.build的过去式和过去分词
  • My father built his business on years of hard work.我父亲多年奋斗创立了自己的事业。
  • Ten years later,the school built out two buildings.10年后这个学校又增建了两栋建筑。
adj.被送回的,归来的v.返回,回来( return的过去式和过去分词 );恢复;还;归还
  • He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches. 他辞去了内政大臣的职务,回到后座议员席。
  • The painting has been returned to its rightful owner . 这幅画已归还给合法所有权人。
adv.还,仍然,即刻;conj.尽管,然而
  • I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
  • Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮,但还没找到男朋友呢。
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
n.君主,国王
  • He was a good king!他是个好国王!
  • The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。
n.语法,语法规则
  • I find German grammar very difficult.我发现德语语法很难学。
  • He spent much time correcting my grammar.他花了很多时间来改我的语法错误。
pron.每人,人人(=everyone)
  • Christmas is a holiday for everybody.圣诞节是所有人的节日。
  • It is difficult to find a time that suits everybody.很难找到一个对每人都合适的时间。
conj(=though)虽然,即使,纵然,尽管
  • Although my car is very old,It'still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧,但仍然跑得很快。
  • Although he worked hard,he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力,但他考试没有及格。
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
n.写,写作;著作,文学作品
  • I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
  • Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗?
n.会议;集会
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
标签: 写作 选词 造句
学英语单词
abortiva variola
allegan
amblyeleotris periophthalma
animal husbandry
application for drawback
autoselecting
basic atomic group
be a scorn to
bear-trap
beechy
bepraising
brans-dicke
break-even point
British Radio Communication
broglies
Brumado
Buendia, Embalse de
can-carrier
catch lever
cinoas
clathtate
clowning around
copper stripping electrolysis
Crotalus viridis
decking level
deconjugations
dennisonite (davisonite)
Derrick City
differentiabilities
diplococcus of Morax-Axenfeld
double-current method
El Bejuco
end-of-field marker
equity-warrants
finds oneself
flash of wit
force due of viscosity
gate current degradation
give tongue
glooming
half yearly account
hexaferrite
huskershredder
inertinites
inomyxoma fibromyxoma
Isonin
kerak
kolstad
lay of rope
Lena Trough
limit position of a link
lining method
mafes
malonyl thiourea
megalithic age
methidium
mixed sleep apnea
modem connection
mushroom cloud
notacaphylla chinensiae
occipitoiliac
older sisters
one bath two stage process
overpraises
pay honor to
pentamethazene
Phospatidylcholine
play close to the vest
premonitory pains
primary productivity
proxy attribute
psychic deafness
quarter wave length
queue type
reheating cycle
rim blight
Sabbathesque
sagueiro
sand shell moulding
sand stargazer
saracenis
sillenite
simultaneous prosperity
softball
spread oneself
Stellaria irrigua
stellasteropsis colubrinus
strategic communication
student experience
succinanilide
sunnyside up
take-up bearing
terminal wire
turbo fan
twin engined
unpathetic
vibration ramming
virtual disk system
wack
woodburners
zero power level
zero-water