时间:2019-01-16 作者:英语课 分类:VOA常速英语2007年(十二月)


英语课
By Alisha Ryu
Nairobi
19 December 2007


The end of 2007 will mark the one-year anniversary of an Ethiopia-led offensive that ousted 1 Somalia's Islamist movement from power and helped install a secular 2 interim 3 government in its place. As VOA Correspondent Alisha Ryu in our East Africa Bureau in Nairobi reports, the military action sparked a proxy 4 war and an Iraq-style insurgency 5 that have plunged 6 Somalia into what the United Nations now calls the worst humanitarian 7 crisis in Africa.


Following Ethiopia's swift military victory over militiamen from Somalia's Islamic Courts Union in late December 2006, western nations urged Somalia's transitional federal government to initiate 8 a genuine, broad-based national reconciliation 9 process that could help end 16 years of war and lawlessness.


The United States, eager to keep radicals 11 within the Islamic courts from making a political comeback, was especially vocal 12 in calling for Somalia's internationally recognized-but-weak interim government to quickly work toward establishing grassroots support.


During a January press conference in the Kenyan capital Nairobi, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer said the United States expected Somalia's transitional federal government leaders to do their best to heal and unite the country.


"We have made clear that we see a role in Somalia for all who renounce 13 violence and extremism," said Jendayi Frazer. "Over the course of the last few days, I have encouraged the leadership to make clear through statements and actions their commitment to an inclusive process of dialogue and reconciliation. They should start with reconciliation amongst themselves."


Somalia's transitional federal government was formed in 2004, largely among rival factional leaders who had kept the country without a functioning government since 1991. By 2006, the transitional government was isolated 14 in the provincial 15 town of Baidoa, with the Islamic Courts Union having taken over most of south and central Somalia.


Many ordinary Somalis agreed that the transitional government, installed in the Somali capital Mogadishu in January 2007, would have to show unity 16 and an ability to work together to gain public trust and confidence.


But soon after top government leaders took power in Mogadishu, clan 17 divisions worsened as officials jockeyed for power and control over Somalia's finances, resources, and infrastructure 18.


At the same time, some of the ousted Islamic Courts leaders and other Somalis opposed to Ethiopia's intervention 19 moved to Eritrea, Ethiopia's arch-rival in the region. In the Eritrean capital Asmara, they began forming an opposition 20 with the backing of Eritrean President Issaias Afeworki.


The Asmara opposition group joined militant 21 Somali Islamists in denouncing the transitional government and its chief backer, Ethiopia, which left tens of thousands of troops in Somalia to protect the fragile government.


The opposition vowed 22 to fight the interim government until all Ethiopian troops leave Somalia.


In an interview with VOA earlier this year, a Somali political consultant 23 working with the transitional government, Ali Abdullahi, said he was concerned that the Ethiopian presence in Somalia was damaging the credibility of the government.


"The biggest challenge is the Ethiopian presence in Somalia," said Ali Abdullahi. "They need to be replaced constructively 24 by African Union forces. The time frame should be as quickly as possible."


The Ethiopian government in Addis Ababa had pledged to withdraw its troops once a full contingent 25 of 8,000 peacekeepers from the African Union arrived in Somalia to take over security duties.


 


But by March, only 1,500 soldiers from Uganda were deployed 26. Meanwhile, a full-blown, Iraq-style insurgency against the government and Ethiopia ignited in Mogadishu.


The rising insecurity deterred 27 other African Union members from contributing troops to the peacekeeping mission.


 


Militant Islamic fighters supported by disgruntled members of Mogadishu's most dominant 28 clan, the Hawiye, targeted Somali government officials, security forces and Ethiopian troops almost daily with mortars 29, rocket-propelled grenades, roadside bombs, and suicide attacks.


In response, the Ethiopian army conducted house-to-house searches for insurgents 31 and weapons, and counter-attacked with tank fire on insurgent 30 strongholds in heavily populated areas of the city.


Somali security forces made mass arrests and shut down businesses with clan ties to Islamists. They harassed 32 journalists and media organizations, accusing them of siding with insurgents.


Meanwhile, a report issued in July by a U.N. monitoring group fueled fears that Somalia had become an Ethiopia-Eritrea war by proxy. The report accused Eritrea of secretly shipping 33 weapons, including surface-to-air missiles, to radical 10 Islamists in Somalia. Eritrea denied the report.


 


In a July interview with VOA, a Mogadishu resident, who identified himself as Nur, said many in the capital blamed the interim government and Ethiopia, not Eritrea, for causing chaos 34 and suffering.


"Most of the people see the insurgents as freedom fighters," said Nur. "The problem of the government is that they might want to secure peace. But, on the other hand, they are creating more problems, more insecurity."


The violence in Mogadishu has killed and wounded thousands of civilians 35, and by November, more than one million Somalis had fled their homes.


The United Nations now believes that the conflict, combined with severe droughts and floods in other regions of the country, has created a humanitarian crisis that surpasses the disaster in the war-torn Darfur region of Sudan.


A Horn of Africa researcher for the London-based Amnesty International human rights group, Martin Hill, adds that the situation in Somalia has something in common with Darfur: allegations of widespread human rights violations 36 by all sides in the conflict.


"The question of war crimes was documented by Human Rights Watch," said Martin Hill. "But very recently, the U.N. Secretary General's new representative for Somalia mentioned that these were crimes that could be investigated by the International Criminal Courts. The crimes we are talking about are killing 37 of civilians, which are arbitrary and disproportionate, arbitrary arrests, extrajudicial executions, and disappearance 38 of civilians."


The Washington Post newspaper reported earlier this month that a debate is taking place among decision makers 39 in the Bush administration about whether to remain committed to Somalia's transitional federal government or to find another way to stabilize 40 Somalia and the region.




驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 ); 革职; 罢黜; 剥夺
  • He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
  • He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。
n.牧师,凡人;adj.世俗的,现世的,不朽的
  • We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
  • Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。
adj.暂时的,临时的;n.间歇,过渡期间
  • The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
  • It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。
n.代理权,代表权;(对代理人的)委托书;代理人
  • You may appoint a proxy to vote for you.你可以委托他人代你投票。
  • We enclose a form of proxy for use at the Annual General Meeting.我们附上委任年度大会代表的表格。
n.起义;暴动;叛变
  • And as in China, unrest and even insurgency are widespread. 而在中国,动乱甚至暴乱都普遍存在。 来自互联网
  • Dr Zyphur is part an insurgency against this idea. 塞弗博士是这一观点逆流的一部分。 来自互联网
v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降
  • The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
  • She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳,从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。
n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
  • She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业,并作了很大的贡献。
  • The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
n.和解,和谐,一致
  • He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
  • Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。
n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的
  • The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
  • She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。
n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 );根基;基本原理;[数学]根数
  • Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals. 一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent. 现在人们担忧激进分子会变得更加不妥协。 来自辞典例句
adj.直言不讳的;嗓音的;n.[pl.]声乐节目
  • The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
  • Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。
v.放弃;拒绝承认,宣布与…断绝关系
  • She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent.她决定弃绝尘世去当修女。
  • It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。
adj.与世隔绝的
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
n.氏族,部落,宗族,家族,宗派
  • She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
  • The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以,中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
  • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
n.介入,干涉,干预
  • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
n.反对,敌对
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
adj.激进的,好斗的;n.激进分子,斗士
  • Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
  • He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。
起誓,发誓(vow的过去式与过去分词形式)
  • He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
  • I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。
n.顾问;会诊医师,专科医生
  • He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。
  • Originally,Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant.原来,加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。
ad.有益的,积极的
  • Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 如此富有意义地利用业余时间来进行收藏,会使人怡然自得,无暇烦恼。
  • The HKSAR will continue to participate constructively in these activities. 香港会继续积极参与这些活动。
adj.视条件而定的;n.一组,代表团,分遣队
  • The contingent marched in the direction of the Western Hills.队伍朝西山的方向前进。
  • Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather.我们是否按时到达要视天气情况而定。
(尤指军事行动)使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 ); 施展; 部署; 有效地利用
  • Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
  • The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。
v.阻止,制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 )
  • I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
  • Jeremy was not deterred by this criticism. 杰里米没有因这一批评而却步。 来自辞典例句
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
  • The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
  • She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
n.迫击炮( mortar的名词复数 );砂浆;房产;研钵
  • They could not move their heavy mortars over the swampy ground. 他们无法把重型迫击炮移过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Where the hell are his mortars? 他有迫击炮吗? 来自教父部分
adj.叛乱的,起事的;n.叛乱分子
  • Faruk says they are threatened both by insurgent and government forces.法鲁克说,他们受到暴乱分子和政府军队的双重威胁。
  • The insurgent mob assembled at the gate of the city park.叛变的暴徒聚在市立公园的门口。
n.起义,暴动,造反( insurgent的名词复数 )
  • The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子,这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
n.混乱,无秩序
  • After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后,城市一片混乱。
  • The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。
平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓
  • the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
  • At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后,至少有300名平民下落不明。
违反( violation的名词复数 ); 冒犯; 违反(行为、事例); 强奸
  • This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
  • These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
n.消失,消散,失踪
  • He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.他难以说明她为什么不见了。
  • Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours.她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语。
n.制造者,制造商(maker的复数形式)
  • The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
  • The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vt.(使)稳定,使稳固,使稳定平衡;vi.稳定
  • They are eager to stabilize currencies.他们急于稳定货币。
  • His blood pressure tended to stabilize.他的血压趋向稳定。
学英语单词
acalypha longi-acuminata
acanthocyte
advance
ambitiosity
ancienty
ankinovichite
ayas
bench charge
benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin
blue about the gills
bottom tap
catfood
CCL47
chaetomorpha linum
Chepetskiy
clearages
copper family element
cuban peso
diametric winding
dihydrocapsaicin
do a job on sb.
dry fried pork liver
Engelsberg
factory of the future
farrukhabad
feedwater temperature
Fibraurin
fines forfeits and penalty receipt
fishing spear
free place
front face area
functional index of urban centers
fyodor mikhailovich dostoyevskies
genus Leontideus
GESP
ghetto blaster
grid authentication
hand-sewn seam
harun
HDAA
header checking
hot liming
idealists
inclined
indirect material use variance
information vector
kleinsorge
lanthanotids
letter sorting machine
liberalization of nontariff barrier
ligature forceps
M.I.Chem.E.
Marrupa
masherbrums
mesaticephaly
military airport
mitreader
near infrared detector
on-demand processing
outage threshold
papaver somniferums
parachloroanilinum
pedal cycle
Pendred syndrome
philharmonic orchestras
pitohui
potis
potty-mouth
proto-patriarchal
public relations officer
radiation analyzing assembly
raise a cheque
rated loading
realistic
response required
rubber pipe
sambac
Seeon
segmentalized
self-ignite
sensor sensitivity of fluxgate magnetometer
site remanence
sodium niobate
solar photovoltaic power
speculative grade
spray drop
stage efficiency
straits of hormuz
string matching algorithm
student's card
subpellicular microtubule
supervision of salesmen
Surface-float
tabu (polynesia)
tease-hole
thromboplastic substance
tined loader
unbalanced polyphase load
unreign
wigner eckart theorem
woolfist
zmeskal