时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2012年(十二月)


英语课

 



Pertussis Rises, Research Focuses on Vaccine 1


Pertussis is one of the leading causes of unnecessary infant and child deaths worldwide. The deaths could largely be prevented with a vaccine. Most of the cases of pertussis occur in developing countries, but the U.S. has seen an increase in recent years.


Pertussis often starts with cold-like symptoms, but Lara Misegades at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control says that's where the similarities end. She led a study that was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.


“Pertussis is a very contagious 2 respiratory disease, and it’s also known as whooping 3 cough. It’s caused by a bacteria and it can cause violent coughing fits that last for a very long time, up to 10 weeks or more," she said. 


Colds are caused by viruses. Like a cold, pertussis can affect anyone but can be life-threatening for infants, young children and the elderly.


Globally, up to 50 million people get pertussis each year and it causes 300,000 deaths. Ninety percent of the cases are in developing countries. A vaccine can prevent the disease. 


The vaccine is given in a series of four shots during infancy 4 and another just before a child starts school. Because of the increase in cases, the researchers studied vaccine histories to see if those who got the disease had completed the five dose series. 


"Children with pertussis were less likely to have received the childhood pertussis vaccine series compared to children who did not have pertussis," said Misegades. 


The researchers also found that protection from immunization declines over time. 


Dr. Gregory Poland at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota says the vaccine is highly effective at first. 


"In year one, after getting the vaccine, the efficacy is nearly 100 percent, which is why I say it is an excellent short-term vaccine. By year five, you’re down to an efficacy of about 30 percent," he said. 


Dr. Poland says pertussis is mistakenly called a childhood disease. It's really a disease that adults and teenagers give to children. 


Doctors recommend that pregnant women get a booster vaccine so they don't get sick and so their newborns have some protection. Doctors also recommend that adults who spend a lot of time with young children get periodic boosters. 


"It really is an all-round education effort to get people to realize that anyone is susceptible 5 to pertussis, everyone needs to get a vaccine or booster against pertussis, and anyone who has a nagging 6, ongoing 7 cough that lasts and lasts and lasts, ought to see their physician with the thought of pertussis," he said. 


The goal is to develop a better vaccine, but meantime people can take basic steps, such as washing hands often and getting vaccinated 8




n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
adj.传染性的,有感染力的
  • It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
  • He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
发嗬嗬声的,发咳声的
  • Whooping cough is very prevalent just now. 百日咳正在广泛流行。
  • Have you had your child vaccinated against whooping cough? 你给你的孩子打过百日咳疫苗了吗?
n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期
  • He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
  • Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
adj.唠叨的,挑剔的;使人不得安宁的v.不断地挑剔或批评(某人)( nag的现在分词 );不断地烦扰或伤害(某人);无休止地抱怨;不断指责
  • Stop nagging—I'll do it as soon as I can. 别唠叨了—我会尽快做的。
  • I've got a nagging pain in my lower back. 我后背下方老是疼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.进行中的,前进的
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
[医]已接种的,种痘的,接种过疫菌的
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗?
学英语单词
5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine
aft winch
air gouging
Alaid, Vulkan
alkynes
ambient vein
apexcardiogran
ashoverite
babbit-lined
balladur
billholder
bills of exchange
binary gas mixture vapour cycle
blobfishes
Brewer's spruce
Caballas
campbell's process
carveout
clone sheep
cocculus laurifolius
D-Norgestrel
decoyed
draymen
Duncan Pass.
duplicate production
ekman turning
electropneumatic transfer switch
end carbon
entrance in
entropic elasticity
extent in chief
extra long-range forecast
F-11
face-centered closest packing
fill someone's shoes
Fogust
gas precipitation flotation
gauffers
genus bertholletias
genus isuruss
genus Nepeta
glycocycline
God's quantity
grating nephoscope
hand coded compiler
heeling lever
inhomogeneous excitation
inner bracket
jubilee truck
Klamath Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Kurochikina, Mys
kurtids
loamy
man-child
millettia reticulata benth
momentum-range method
Munmoth
Nitraria sibirica
nodular fasciitis
non-english-speakings
nonmesic
optical invariant
parasitic microbe
pearlscale
pellet without binding agent
pericardio-kudoasis
perillyl
pharyngoconjunctival fever
pitter-pat
poly-dimensional
polyacrylamide gel
porphyrisation
postsynaptic element
profilogram
psychology of reading
pyrexia with delirium
quintic equation
r.w.d.
reactivity equation
Red Sox Nation
requirement language
rootless anticline
Santa Eleonora
scumbucket
semiconductor substrate
short-landing certificate
sound hood
spiritus citri
stirfry
stoneground
system programme
temporal seta
terpsichores
thermistor power meter
transploitation
unjudicially
vaccine-therapy
ventriculoatriostomy
websurfers
wideband NMR
woodshaving
wsb