时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2012年(十二月)


英语课

 


Cocoa Foundation Selects Researchers for US Study



The scientists are from Costa Rica, Ghana, Vietnam, the Philippines and three from Cote d’Ivoire, the world’s largest producer of cocoa beans.


While in the United States, they’ll work with a mentor 1 at research labs at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Florida or Maryland, or with universities. In the past, they have included the state universities of Wisconsin, Florida, Pennsylvania and Tennessee, as well as Rutgers University in New Jersey 2.


Virginia Sopyla, a program manager with the World Cocoa Foundation earlier in Washington, said "[Fellows] will work with a mentor on developing technical research skills, and they will also complete a tour the U.S. side of the cocoa supply chain. So, they can learn about how cocoa is brought into the U.S., how it’s stored and warehoused, processed and manufactured into chocolate products."


"Then six months to one year after the completion of the fellowship, the fellow’s mentor has the opportunity to visit him or her at the home [research] institution in the producing country for a follow-up visit of up to one to two weeks."


During their stay in the United States, the fellows will conduct research on issues affecting the growth and production of cocoa, including crop diseases and insect pests.


The African researcgers are expected to study cocoa swollen 3 shoot virus, a disease common to West Africa. It’s transmitted by the mealybug and can kill cocoa trees within three years.


They are also expected to study black pod rot, a fungus 4 found in much of the world’s cocoa producing regions.


Fellows from Asia will look at Helopeltis, or mirids, an insect pest affecting cocoa pods and young shoots in Vietnam. They’ll also look at the management and the intercropping of cocoa and coconut 5 in the Philippines.


Sopyla said a number of past fellows have continued their work with US mentors 6 long after the end of their fellowships.


"We had a fellow from Nigeria who was studying a nematode pest," she explained. "These are very small worms that feed on the roots of the cocoa seedling 7 roots. With his mentor he was able to identify the species of nematode that was affecting their plants and then was able to conduct some studies on using poultry 8 manure 9 [in compost] to control the [hatching of nematode eggs]. He conducted those studies here in the lab in the U.S. and then when he returned to Nigeria he continued this work and is now able to share that learning with farmers."


World Cocoa Foundation officials add that getting the word out to farmers is an important part of the organization’s work.


An integral part of the effort is using new and affordable 10 technology.


One program, called Cocoa Link, allows farmers to share ideas and ask questions using cell phone text messaging. 


Another, called Digital Green, teaches farmers to film or videotape training sessions, which can then be shared with fellow farmers. 


Bill Guyton, the president of the WCF, said "the farmers] show the videos later on these very small devices that can be used at night and on the walls of homes to show and reinforce some of what they’ve learned during farmer training."


"The technology was adapted first in India and is being pilot tested through the WCF Cocoa Livelihoods 11 Program [a collaborative effort with the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation targeting 200,000 households in Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, It’s been used on other crops before but this is the first time we’ve tried using this technology in the cocoa sector…so we’re very excited about what it’s going to deliver."


The World Cocoa Foundation represents over 100 chocolate companies and others in the supply chain working to support sustainable cocoa production. Guyton says the WCF’s work in farmer outreach is showing promising 12 results and is an important part of the effort to improve farm productivity – and incomes. 




n.指导者,良师益友;v.指导
  • He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
  • He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。
n.运动衫
  • He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
  • They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致,都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。
adj.肿大的,水涨的;v.使变大,肿胀
  • Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着,她的双腿已经肿了。
  • A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她,她的手臂肿起来了。
n.真菌,真菌类植物
  • Mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
  • This fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。
n.椰子
  • The husk of this coconut is particularly strong.椰子的外壳很明显非常坚固。
  • The falling coconut gave him a terrific bang on the head.那只掉下的椰子砰地击中他的脑袋。
n.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的名词复数 )v.(无经验之人的)有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的第三人称单数 )
  • Beacham and McNamara, my two mentors, had both warned me. 我的两位忠实朋友,比彻姆和麦克纳马拉都曾经警告过我。 来自辞典例句
  • These are the kinds of contacts that could evolve into mentors. 这些人是可能会成为你导师。 来自互联网
n.秧苗,树苗
  • She cut down the seedling with one chop.她一刀就把小苗砍倒了。
  • The seedling are coming up full and green.苗长得茁壮碧绿。
n.家禽,禽肉
  • There is not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多。
  • What do you feed the poultry on? 你们用什么饲料喂养家禽?
n.粪,肥,肥粒;vt.施肥
  • The farmers were distributing manure over the field.农民们正在田间施肥。
  • The farmers used manure to keep up the fertility of their land.农夫们用粪保持其土质的肥沃。
adj.支付得起的,不太昂贵的
  • The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
  • There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。
生计,谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )
  • First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者,他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小,他们的传统生计受到了威胁。
adj.有希望的,有前途的
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
学英语单词
ainis
Alfie Bass
allowable operating current range
anal blood gill
anticyclogenesis
artesian discharge
ask for leave
astern maneuvering valve
autodermic
be swayed by prejudice
beeter
bergamot pear
bottari
bowlingite
bulls eye
cock carrying platform
color bar Y buffer
come to a dead end
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
consumer expenditure income pattern
container fork lift
depth charge exploder
devorations
dialectical statement
divisibilities
dressel
dumb down
ec-
El Uarot
elastic restraint
end land width
equips
erythroferrone
exemplificator
extensible markup language parser
family historian
femoral scute
field ion microscopy(FIM)
foration
gas sampling
gdcf
Georges Bizet
gotten some air
Horizontal Stripe
incomplexly
isoenzyme isozyme
lichees
life linesman
Ligularia przewalskii
Lobomonas
low-speed agitator
mariage blanc
meter-candle
middling purifier
midepigastric plane
most obviously
nonfollicular
nonreference
object image coincidence method
operation of controller
oxophenamidum
pajaros
pedal operated directional valve
periphrasic
pomiferas
potassium bitartrates
presco
present historic
program debugging
prostomial palp
recipe for disaster
reinforcement layup
rock rip-rap
Saint-Yrieix
show deference to
sound duct
sparklinkage
stomachic
store access cycle
stovetops
sulfosuccinate
table speed
the Channel
tiletamine
to the memory of sb
torpedo stop
tortaxis mirus
Traffic Safety Committee
tungsten-carbide composition
unamortized share-issuing expenses
undamped navigation mode
universal joint transmission flange
us sars
voltage-controlled shift register
wassermann tests
watering hole attack
wave shoaling coefficient
waveguide twists
X-LA
X-ray fluoresce readout analyser
xylosidase
zooms in