时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2010年(九)月


英语课

Frogs secrete 1 compounds that could be used to battle MRSA and a new emerging bacterium 2 that affects many wounded soldiers in Iraq.


According to Mideast researchers, the amphibians 3 could provide several new antibiotic 4 compounds to fight drug resistant 5 fungi 6 and bacteria.


Worldwide threat


The emerging battle against drug-resistant bacteria poses a huge threat to public health worldwide. That threat has loomed 7 larger as the number of effective antibiotic drugs has dwindled 8


J. Michael Conlon, a biochemist at the United Arab Emirates University, says frog skin, which protects the amphibians from injury and disease, is coming to the rescue by providing a wealth of new antibiotic compounds to fight drug resistant fungi and bacteria.


"Frogs of necessity have to live in a warm moist environment that is very conducive 9 to the growth of micro-organisms. They've been around for a long, long time, at least 300 million years" says Conlon. "So, it's not so surprising that, over the course of evolution, they have developed defenses against these invading pathogens." 


Conlon has identified germ-fighting chemicals from more than 200 frog species from around the world by isolating 10 peptides or strings 11 of proteins that have the ability to kill bacteria and fungi.


He says the challenge is to get those agents to work in humans. "The problem is that as well as efficiently 12 killing 13 micro-organisms, they are to various degrees toxic 14 to mammalian cells.  So it's not a great idea to cure infection if you kill the patient at the same time." 


Fighting two major pathogens


Conlon's laboratory in the United Arab Emirates works with samples from frogs gathered collaboratively by scientists in Japan, France and the United States.


The naturally occurring compounds are first purified and then synthesized. At that point, structural 15 changes are made in the molecules 16. The results have proved to be less toxic to human cells.


Conlon says the new compounds show promise in fighting two major pathogens, the well known methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a new emerging bacterium, Acintobacter baumanni. "This has been called the Iraqibacter because many wounded soldiers in Iraq have developed infections by this microorganism." 


Frog mouthwash


Conlon also sees great potential for other antibiotic applications from creams and ointments 17 for wounds to treatment of foot ulcers 18.  He adds that the peptides have shown to be very effective against oral pathogens. "So we are interested in the possibility of incorporating of incorporating them into a mouth wash."


But Conlon says as a researcher in a small university lab, he can only take the product so far.  "To bring a drug from the laboratory to the pharmacy 19 literally 20 costs hundreds of millions of dollars. We really need a partner in the pharmaceutical 21 industry with which to collaborate 22."  


Should that partner step forward, J. Michael Conlon predicts that some frog-skin derived 23 compounds could make their way into clinical trials and into marketable drugs within five years.

 



vt.分泌;隐匿,使隐秘
  • The pores of your body secrete sweat.身上的毛孔分泌汗液。
  • Squirrels secrete a supply of nuts for winter.松鼠为准备过冬而藏坚果。
n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌
  • The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
  • A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。
两栖动物( amphibian的名词复数 ); 水陆两用车; 水旱两生植物; 水陆两用飞行器
  • The skin of amphibians is permeable to water. 两栖动物的皮肤是透水的。
  • Two amphibians ferry them out over the sands. 两辆水陆两用车把他们渡过沙滩。
adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的
  • Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
  • They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
n.真菌,霉菌
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
v.隐约出现,阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 );隐约出现,阴森地逼近
  • A dark shape loomed up ahead of us. 一个黑糊糊的影子隐隐出现在我们的前面。
  • The prospect of war loomed large in everyone's mind. 战事将起的庞大阴影占据每个人的心。 来自《简明英汉词典》
v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Support for the party has dwindled away to nothing. 支持这个党派的人渐渐化为乌有。
  • His wealth dwindled to nothingness. 他的钱财化为乌有。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.有益的,有助的
  • This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
  • Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。
adj.孤立的,绝缘的v.使隔离( isolate的现在分词 );将…剔出(以便看清和单独处理);使(某物质、细胞等)分离;使离析
  • Colour filters are not very effective in isolating narrow spectral bands. 一些滤色片不能很有效地分离狭窄的光谱带。 来自辞典例句
  • This became known as the streak method for isolating bacteria. 这个方法以后就称为分离细菌的划线法。 来自辞典例句
n.弦
  • He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上,随意地拨着吉他的弦。
  • She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。
adv.高效率地,有能力地
  • The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
  • Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
  • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
  • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
  • The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
n.软膏( ointment的名词复数 );扫兴的人;煞风景的事物;药膏
  • The firm has been dispensing ointments. 本公司配制药膏。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Antibiotic ointments are useful for concurrent bacterial infections. 抗菌素软膏对伴发的细菌感染是有用的。 来自辞典例句
n.溃疡( ulcer的名词复数 );腐烂物;道德败坏;腐败
  • Detachment of the dead cells produces erosions and ulcers. 死亡细胞的脱落,产生糜烂和溃疡。 来自辞典例句
  • 75% of postbulbar ulcers occur proximal to the duodenal papilla. 75%的球后溃疡发生在十二指肠乳头近侧。 来自辞典例句
n.药房,药剂学,制药业,配药业,一批备用药品
  • She works at the pharmacy.她在药房工作。
  • Modern pharmacy has solved the problem of sleeplessness.现代制药学已经解决了失眠问题。
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
adj.药学的,药物的;药用的,药剂师的
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
vi.协作,合作;协调
  • The work gets done more quickly when we collaborate.我们一旦合作,工作做起来就更快了。
  • I would ask you to collaborate with us in this work.我们愿意请你们在这项工作中和我们合作。
vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
accreditate
acrosomic system
Adderbury
Alpenrhein River
ass fuck
back in time
bank annuities
bedroom town
BIOSes
bur oaks
Camellia assamica
capillaropathy
cash surrender
cellomics
coded converter
congealation
cortiral
crankcase conditioning oil
cranked coil
cress green
deglobalized
Denison gauge
detail printing
Dublovice
Dunbaria rotundifolia
dynamic region area
embossed candle
endogenous development
Fanno line
fantad
femoral pulse
financial instruments
flying shore
forestry ranger
freshet period
fuck ya
group transfer
hexagon-headed bolt
historical-cost rules
Hoanh Mo
hypoelliptic operator
infrared locator
inspiratory resistance
is on the ball
Ivolândia
job sites
joint seam
Kerch
land-of-sight coverage
leading truck
leen
long-bodied type
maler kotla
mesophilic range
minimum separabile
moiff
monochromators
Morison
mulsannes
nonmedieval
o.e.d
Orepuki
other day evening
outer waterway
overqualifications
phelp
Pitkyarantskiy Rayon
pogroist
political contribution
pool halls
porous microbeads support
position independent program
post office network list
premonstrations
produce a war
pyramidal decussation
rainfall intensity frequency curve
raynard
re-collect
retinoblastoma protein
roll crushing mill
seasonal arima models
semi-sentence
spring grinding machine
spud for anti-slip
takrouri
Tarenna acutisepala
tenth-normal
threewheeler
to need
toleranced taper method
triple correlation coefficient
uncomparatively
unpermeable seam
url submission
value of re-export
villanella
Volkmann's paralysis
watch yourself
Windows Registry
wipe one's boots on
zuni icosahedron