时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2012年(十一月)


英语课

 



Easing Displacement 1 through Development


Last year there were more than 26-million people displaced within their countries by violence, conflict or natural disasters. A new report says development initiatives may help alleviate 2 or even prevent displacement.


Of the 26-million internally displaced persons, or IDPs, about 15 million were uprooted 3 due to natural disasters, such as floods or hurricanes. It remains 4 unclear how many have been displaced by what’s called “slow onset 5 disasters,” such as drought or environmental degradation 6.


“There is a large amount of people that we have not accounted for yet. That particularly applies obviously in Africa with drought being the major natural disaster here in Africa,’ said Nina Schrepfer is an advisor 7 on natural disasters for the Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, which is part of the Norwegian Refugee Council. She’s in Kenya to visit the drought-stricken northeast of the country.


More than one third of the IDPs in 2011 were in Africa. The report says they outnumber refugees -- those who actually fled their home countries -- five to one.


Schrepfer said many are in a situation described as “protracted displacement.”


“Protracted displacement is a situation where IDPs cannot find a solution to their situation, either because they cannot return, and at the same time not integrate where they have displaced to – nor find a durable 8 and a sustainable solution elsewhere in the country. So that process has, as a matter of fact, become absolutely stalled.”


“The report says internal displacement is a development challenge, as well as a humanitarian 9, human rights and peacebuilding challenge. Nevertheless, it says for many years the problem has been considered almost exclusively as a humanitarian issue. As a result, Schrepfer said development initiatives were often delayed. That left IDPs vulnerable once an immediate 10 crisis, such as a food shortage or lack of shelter, had been addressed.


“The reason for that often was that the development actors were not fast enough to implement 11 their programs when humanitarian actors were actually willing to leave. And that has led to a limbo 12 situation where IDPs are left completely neglected at times,” she said. 


The report describes displacement as a “process of impoverishment” and stresses the need for development groups to act more quickly.


“Many of the challenges that IDPs face are of a developmental nature, such as, for example, IDPs need to have access to basic services. That is not a humanitarian issue. That is a development issue. At the same time, many, many IDPs worldwide and, in particular, also here in Africa, struggle to have access to have basic services. They struggle to have access to a clinic; displaced children struggle to have access to a school,” she said.


She said if humanitarian aid continues for too long, it could result in IDPs becoming totally dependent on that assistance.


“The challenge is not the task itself. The challenge is how to collaborate 13 better between the humanitarian and the development actors,” she said.


She described Africa as having a good framework in place to address internally displaced persons. This includes the 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, that states there is a human right to development. Also, there’s the 1988 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the Great Lakes Pact 14 on Security, Stability and Development and the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons, also known as the Kampala Convention.


“This convention,” she said, “is about to enter into force. It looks like that will happen this year. And this convention is absolutely significant. I think it is a beacon 15 of hope for all IDPs here in Africa. This continent has actually been an absolute trailblazer compared to other continents in establishing legal frameworks.”


The convention lists the legal obligations of nations and their leaders to “respect, protect and fulfill 16 IDPs’ economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights.” However, Schrepfer said if it’s to be taken seriously, it must be implemented 17 by all African countries very quickly.


“To implement the Kampala Convention means that all the different actors have to work together. And that includes the humanitarian actors, that includes development actors, peacebuilding actors, human rights actors. We all need to come together to sit at the same table,” she said.


The Internal Displacement Monitoring Center report says that means coming up with a plan to meet immediate needs, as well as restoring livelihoods 18, food security, access to health, sanitation 19 and education services, along with housing and land. 




n.移置,取代,位移,排水量
  • They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
  • The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。
v.减轻,缓和,缓解(痛苦等)
  • The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
  • Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
v.把(某物)连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 );根除;赶走;把…赶出家园
  • Many people were uprooted from their homes by the flood. 水灾令许多人背井离乡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The hurricane blew with such force that trees were uprooted. 飓风强烈地刮着,树都被连根拔起了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
n.进攻,袭击,开始,突然开始
  • The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
  • Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。
n.降级;低落;退化;陵削;降解;衰变
  • There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。
  • Gambling is always coupled with degradation.赌博总是与堕落相联系。
n.顾问,指导老师,劝告者
  • They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
  • The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。
adj.持久的,耐久的
  • This raincoat is made of very durable material.这件雨衣是用非常耐用的料子做的。
  • They frequently require more major durable purchases.他们经常需要购买耐用消费品。
n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
  • She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业,并作了很大的贡献。
  • The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
n.地狱的边缘;监狱
  • His life seemed stuck in limbo and he could not go forward and he could not go back.他的生活好像陷入了不知所措的境地,进退两难。
  • I didn't know whether my family was alive or dead.I felt as if I was in limbo.我不知道家人是生是死,感觉自己茫然无措。
vi.协作,合作;协调
  • The work gets done more quickly when we collaborate.我们一旦合作,工作做起来就更快了。
  • I would ask you to collaborate with us in this work.我们愿意请你们在这项工作中和我们合作。
n.合同,条约,公约,协定
  • The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.那两个反对党订了一个有关选举的协定。
  • The trade pact between those two countries came to an end.那两国的通商协定宣告结束。
n.烽火,(警告用的)闪火灯,灯塔
  • The blink of beacon could be seen for miles.灯塔的光亮在数英里之外都能看见。
  • The only light over the deep black sea was the blink shone from the beacon.黑黢黢的海面上唯一的光明就只有灯塔上闪现的亮光了。
vt.履行,实现,完成;满足,使满意
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
生计,谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )
  • First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者,他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小,他们的传统生计受到了威胁。
n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备
  • The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看,这个地段非常糟糕。
  • Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。
标签: VOA标准英语
学英语单词
a great deal of
aeronautical mobile-satellite service
Alabama claims
alpamayo
amtifertilizin
annual ring breadth
apodicticity
Aristotle
axis of channel
balancing condenser
belewe
bevered
blastophorum truncatum
capr-
carrier frequency shift
comptonia peregrinas
continuation of solutions
counter current eletrophoresis
design H-point
dim down
dissimilar redundancy
distributed information processing
DIVC
drop out of sight
dull as ditchwater
eagle boat
eating it up
electromagnetic compatability
equivalent noise method
ex-role behavior
face and fill
floating gate
floating pump assembling unit
forum leader
Franz Schubert
galeopithecids
grace period for the payment of fees
grandifolius
gurly
gyropraph
Haebang
healing time
hickups
ideker
impulse-withstand test
interfrontal bristle
issuing authority note
jellium
jointweeds
kooky, kookie
L-cells
Lepidosigillaria
Lolipid
loss of faculty
malthinus (malthinus) notsui
mat type
matsucythere reticulata
metacarprophalangeal
metaemotions
metallized aluminum
mini-Winchester disk drive
national capitalism
net processor
non-ischemic
nonmonitored
nucleolonema (estable & sotelo 1950)
obstropolos
oha
oubliette
percentage indicator
pitous
PSNC
Reitano
Rhododendron huguangense
rubble filling
sagittata
scathophaga mellipes
separate channel signaling
shifting wrench
slot diffuser
social-ism
solvated H-ion
space-loop direction-finder
special constable
spectral-shift reactor
square turret
sroka
statelier
stock clearing account
stress cracking resistance
sugarplums
suntanned
superior cubitoradial articulation
tabular actual
thruple
trinketed
two single ended siding
unit record equipment
urodele
veurne (furnes)
Wigtown
wrongtook