VOA标准英语2009年-Auditors Advise on Future US Reconstructio

Government auditors 1 have told the U.S. Congress that future U.S. reconstruction 3 efforts must be monitored closely and managed competently to avoid a repetition of fraud and waste that occurred with efforts in Iraq.
　
Reconstruction project in Iraq

In testimony 4 to the House Armed Services Committee, the special inspector 5 generals for reconstruction in Iraq and Afghanistan said Congress must apply tight oversight 6 to future reconstruction activities to ensure that billions in taxpayer 7 dollars are not wasted.

Stuart Bowen, Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, says reform is needed, adding the U.S. government currently lacks an efficient system to manage and carry out such operations. "The U.S. government does not have an established framework for the management and execution of contingency 8 relief and reconstruction operations," he said.

In Iraq, Bowen notes that the need for security sharply increased reconstruction costs, a fact reflected in inspector general and Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports since the U.S. military invasion in 2003. After spending some $50 billion in Iraq, he says, infrastructure 9 goals were not achieved.

Among many lessons learned, Bowen says, is that relief and reconstruction operations require unity 10 of command, better communication among departments and agencies, and improved rules for contractors 11.

Retired 12 Major General Arnold Fields, Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, says his office has begun an audit 2 of U.S. reconstruction funds, projects and contracts.

He identifies as a key issue the U.S. government's ability to manage contractors, saying his office will be conducting a number of reviews on the use and performance of contractors in Afghanistan.

While Afghanistan and Iraq share similarities, he says, there are also key differences that need to be taken into account. "The nature and scope of U.S. reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq have many similarities. However, as members of this committee are aware, conditions in Afghanistan from the standpoint of economic, geographic 13, demographic and political offer unique challenges to the feasibility and sustainability of reconstruction efforts," he said.

As the United States embarks 14 on a new strategy in Afghanistan, Democratic House Armed Services Committee chairman Ike Skelton says learning lessons from Iraq will be increasingly important. "Among many other problems, at some point during the war in Iraq, the reconstruction effort suffered from poor financial controls, poor interagency coordination 15, and a lack of strategic planning. While to some extent these problems were addressed over time in Iraq, we must ensure that the lessons that we learned there at great expense are not lost," he said.

John McHugh, the ranking committee Republican, says if one thing has become clear from numerous congressional hearings and auditing 16 reports, it is that more work needs to be done when it comes to reconstruction management and oversight. "In Iraq we will continue to assist that nation with their security forces for the foreseeable future. At the same time, building up the Afghan national security forces is a vital element of our counter-insurgency strategy there. In other words, this work is essential and we cannot afford any longer the inefficiencies and waste that has riddled 17 our past efforts," he said.

Jacquelyn Williams-Bridgers of the Government Accountability Office, says reconstruction both countries will require establishing and maintaining basic security, building a sustainable economic foundation, and holding governments accountable for economic and political commitments.

In Afghanistan, she says progress in building Afghanistan's national security forces to establish security has been slow, and as occurred in Iraq, deteriorating 18 security conditions threaten U.S-funded projects. "A lack of security in Afghanistan has put U.S. funded development projects at risk. Concerns over security have delayed projects, increased costs, and again changed the scope and nature of the projects," she said.

Bridgers calls Afghanistan's development strategy, aided by the U.S. and other donors 19, under-funded adding that it may not be viable 20 given current levels of assistance.

In Iraq and Afghanistan, she says, the U.S. must clearly define its objectives, estimate future costs, and seek to coordinate 21 all U.S. government agency and international reconstruction efforts.