时间:2019-01-13 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2009年(五月)


英语课

U.S. Defense 1 Secretary Robert Gates came away from a 40-hour visit to Afghanistan Friday encouraged that the U.S. troop increase and cooperation from Afghans will turn the tide of the eight-year conflict. But he says the Afghan government needs to do a better job of convincing the Afghan people that the Taliban is their enemy, not U.S. forces.
 
Secretary Gates (center) and General McKiernan listen to Afghans at Forward Operation Base Airborne in Afghanistan


In a spectacular setting, with snow-capped mountains as a backdrop, Secretary Gates sat under a camouflage 2 canopy 3 and spoke 4 with local Afghan officials.


That is Ali Abbas, the head of a new group of local citizens armed by the Afghan government and paid by the United States to guard their own district, Jalreyz, in Wardak Province.


Abbas says the Afghan Public Protection Force program, the first of its kind in the country, has already improved security in the area in the few weeks since its 240 members finished a three-week training program led by the Afghan Police and U.S. troops. Abbas says the program should be extended to the entire country.


The top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, General David McKiernan, says the program's strength is that it is connected to the local people through their district councils, and also to the national government through the police command structure. And he says it provides a strategic edge in the effort by the coalition 5 and the Afghan government to fight Taliban influence, particularly in the south.


"The insurgent 6 leadership is faced with a real dilemma 7. If they go in and attack these people, these guardians 8, they're attacking the sons of that village. That's a little different than attacking the police or the army or international forces," he said.


The Afghan Public Protection Force is loosely modeled after a successful community policing program in Iraq. Secretary Gates says the Friday morning meeting with Abbas and other local officials gave him hope that the additional U.S. forces already flowing into Afghanistan will find local support if they are able to turn the tide against the Taliban.


"Actually, the conversations I had this morning were some of the most encouraging I've had about the commitment of Afghans to not only preserve what they have in the way of freedom and democracy, but they want security, they want jobs. They want a different life. They don't like the Taliban. They don't like what the Taliban brings. And we've just got to help them keep these guys at bay, and ultimately defeat them," he said.


The effort to do that is getting a boost from more than 20,000 additional U.S. troops in the coming months, and most of them will go into south, where the Taliban is the strongest and the coalition presence has been the smallest. The U.S. and NATO commander in the region is Brigadier General John Nicholson.


"To me, to see this increase in U.S. forces means we are now resourcing our counterinsurgency appropriately to accomplish what it is that we've laid out in our strategy," he said.


But General Nicholson warns the situation will get worse before it gets better.


"There'll be an increase in violence initially 9, because the enemy will not easily give up their hold on the population. But this will be a spike 10, not a continuous upward slope. So there will be an increase, then a decrease, in violence, after which we'll have improved security. And then into those secured areas we'll be able to introduce development and work with the Afghans on improved governance," he said.


One of the keys to the success of the new U.S. strategy, approved by President Barack Obama a month ago, is gaining the trust and support of the Afghan people. That effort suffered a setback 11 this week, as local residents in western Afghanistan blamed a U.S. air strike for what they said were more than 100 civilian 12 deaths. The United States disputes the claim, and says Taliban forces often exaggerate civilian casualties, or even kill civilians 13 themselves and blame it on U.S. forces. But Secretary Gates says it is not enough for U.S. officials to make such statements.


"What I think is most important is not necessarily what we say but what the Afghan government says, because they are likely to have more credibility with their own people," he said.


Especially with the presidential election coming up, whenever there have been civilian casualties Afghan officials have been quick to criticize U.S. forces for not doing enough to protect civilians.


Officials say it is important to build support among the people in order to reduce the Taliban's access to support and shelter. They say that, and further improvements by the Afghan government and security forces, are the keys to long-term stability.


And General McKiernan, the top commander, says achieving all that will require a long-term security commitment by the United States, and by its allies.


"This is not a temporary increase for the next six months to a year. I think this is going to have to be sustained over the next, you said two or three years. I think that's a reasonable assumption that it would be at least the next two or three years," he said.


And officials say the commitment for civilian help will be even longer.


Secretary Gates says even though this has already been a long and difficult fight, the United States and its allies must continue the effort.


"If there is a lesson for Americans and the international community, it's that we don't dare turn our backs on Afghanistan. This will work if we stay engaged and have patience," he said.


It has long been a challenge to convince people in many NATO countries of that. Even now, with the Afghan presidential election set for August, the alliance is several thousand troops short of the force it promised to help secure the voting.


But there was no talk of that during Friday's outdoor meeting, at least not while reporters were allowed to listen.


In the crisp morning air, Ali Abbas told Secretary Gates the new Afghan Public Protection Force has great potential because, he said, it is connected to the people "like a chain" and its members know what is really happening in their hometowns. That gave the secretary reason to smile, as he contemplated 14 the long, difficult road ahead.



n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
n./v.掩饰,伪装
  • The white fur of the polar bear is a natural camouflage.北极熊身上的白色的浓密软毛是一种天然的伪装。
  • The animal's markings provide effective camouflage.这种动物身上的斑纹是很有效的伪装。
n.天篷,遮篷
  • The trees formed a leafy canopy above their heads.树木在他们头顶上空形成了一个枝叶茂盛的遮篷。
  • They lay down under a canopy of stars.他们躺在繁星点点的天幕下。
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
n.结合体,同盟,结合,联合
  • The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
  • Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
adj.叛乱的,起事的;n.叛乱分子
  • Faruk says they are threatened both by insurgent and government forces.法鲁克说,他们受到暴乱分子和政府军队的双重威胁。
  • The insurgent mob assembled at the gate of the city park.叛变的暴徒聚在市立公园的门口。
n.困境,进退两难的局面
  • I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
  • He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。
监护人( guardian的名词复数 ); 保护者,维护者
  • Farmers should be guardians of the countryside. 农民应是乡村的保卫者。
  • The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是法律和秩序的护卫者。
adv.最初,开始
  • The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
n.长钉,钉鞋;v.以大钉钉牢,使...失效
  • The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
  • They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。
n.退步,挫折,挫败
  • Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
  • She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。
adj.平民的,民用的,民众的
  • There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
  • He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。
平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓
  • the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
  • At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后,至少有300名平民下落不明。
学英语单词
aisle space
ALD-B
antisuiseptic sera
beauish
bederal
Bialorbagy
biohydrography
black-bourse
block fitting-out
blue crab
buccal cavity infection
Charles Pk.
class a repair
coagulum content
coal-cutter
complementary subspace
cougar
criminal bankraptcy petition
daemonettes
degree of decentralization
dolichoectasia
double metal relay
electron-stream amplifier
embalance
equilibrium mode
eringen
european economic area (eea)
Fanaye Diéri
fasciculus garcilis
flow, solder
fluid balance
glomus tortuosum
glost firing
goal-post
gold-dusts
grease monkeys
happi coat
herniate
heterotasithynic
hodotermopsis sj?stedti
humblebrags
interreflection ratio
Jaz Drive
kanbun
leading pile
liting
load-current supervision
long flowering period
longe-
Mariotto
member banks
Mesopithecus
microaddress
microsorium fortunei (moore) ching
modern optics
moisture ageing
Mozyr
Nauclea diderrichii
nongaussianities
notchwing
open-boat
pax romanas
PG3
pinged
play-yards
pneumoniac
posterior sphenoidal foramen
primary ion pair
protobioside
rail joint expander
rate of convergence
relativity theory
Saccharomyces epidermica
sanitary pipe laying
schmidbauer
scorer reliability
semitarie
sgab culture
sheathing nail
shrimp med
Shuli
sibiricine
sigers
snow climate
solid household refuse
spectrum character curve
spin-up
SSC-4
start-stop supervisor
straight sending system
strontium-arsenapatite(fermorite)
target return on sales
three high rolling mill
toll rotary connector
tongshan
toxicological
two-light candlestick
Vertumnus
welding-arc voltage
work-places
wring from
yeast industry