VOA标准英语2012--'Test Tube" Burger Provides Meatless Alternative

'Test Tube" Burger Provides Meatless Alternative

Paying $330,000 for a hamburger might seem like a lot, but that's what it cost for scientists in the Netherlands to prove it's possible to make a meat-like pattie from a cluster of muscle cells.

At the University of Maastricht, Mark Post and his team started with a muscle biopsy from a cow and are now culturing clumps 1 of muscle-tissue cells in Petri dishes.
"We have committed ourselves to make of couple thousand of these small tissues and then assemble them into a hamburger," Post says.
The Dutch are among the most advanced of several teams around the world trying to produce meat without killing 2 animals. Post wants to demonstrate that the world's rising appetite for meat can be satisfied in a more efficient and environmentally benign 3 way.
"It's a combination of two things, care for environment and food production for the world," he says. "And second is just a generic 4 interest in life-transforming technologies."
Post still has to prove his Petri-patties can be cost-effective and flavorful. He hopes there's an appetite among consumers lured 5 by claims such as "no animal has suffered to make this product."
But a test tube burger?
The idea is totally unappealing to Seth Tibbott of Hood 6 River, Oregon. "I think it sounds still pretty disgusting to me."
To be fair, Tibbott is a biased 7 source. The vegan entrepreneur founded Turtle Island Foods, the maker 8 of a popular vegetarian 9 brand called Tofurky, tofu processed to taste like turkey.
Tibbott's son-in-law and vice 10 president says mimicking 11 the fiber 12 and texture 13 of poultry 14 is the hardest thing to do with processed soybeans. 
Jaime Athos says it's a worthwhile pursuit, but, "Making little incremental 15 improvements in the product quality is really the way you achieve that. Maybe there's going to be a leap forward sometime, but I don't see it yet on the near horizon."
The folks at Turtle Island Foods estimate about three percent of the U.S. population is vegetarian, and they don't necessarily want fake meat that is authentic-tasting. 
Tibbott sees a much bigger market among mainstream 16 consumers. These people might try meatless alternatives if those products looked and tasted more like real meat.
"In the industry, they're called flexi-tarians or they're called 'sometimes vegetarians,'" Tibbott says. "Depending on what study you look at, they're 30 to 40 percent of America."
Out Tibbott's office window, he can watch contractors 17 build a new Tofurky factory along the Columbia River. It will allow the fast-growing company to triple its production starting next year.
Meanwhile, several competing and secretive start ups are promising 18 breakthrough meat substitutes. One is a fake chicken made of soy that its developer says not only tastes like chicken, but also has the same look and texture.
Stanford University professor Patrick Brown founded a different company, Sand Hill Foods, where his food scientists manipulate plant proteins and oils in an undisclosed process.
Brown's theory is that economies of scale and price are the keys to winning over meat lovers.
"What we're intending to do is basically produce stuff that will compete by being substantially cheaper and every bit as good and essentially 19 indistinguishable to a consumer who loves meat or dairy," says Brown. "That's the only way I think you're really going to win in the market."
Brown recently gave a talk in Vancouver, Canada where he portrayed 20 the livestock 21 industry as "a sitting duck for disruptive technology." 
The director of the Washington Cattlemen's Association responds that it’s the fake meat entrepreneurs who are more likely to face a rocky road with consumers. 
Jack 22 Field says he's confident "real beef will be what's for dinner now and into the future."