时间:2019-01-12 作者:英语课 分类:2007年VOA标准英语(二月)


英语课

By David McAlary
Washington
15 February 2007


A U.S. spacecraft has provided fresh evidence that water once flowed on Mars. In this case, it is water that ran deep underground through rock fissures 1, places where scientists say life could have thrived hidden from the harsh Martian surface environment. VOA's David McAlary reports.


 
Satellite photo showing erosion of rock formations on Mars
The U.S. space agency NASA's newest satellite around the red planet, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, has taken color pictures showing a landscape called Chasma Canyon 2 composed of dozens of alternating layers of dark and light toned rocks and crossed by dark sand dunes 3.


Within those layers, the detailed 4 images show fractures, called joints 5, surrounded by light colored bedrock that was once deep underground before erosion exposed it. University of Arizona researcher Chris Okubo argues that this brighter bedrock is clear evidence that a liquid flowed through it and washed the dark minerals away, as water has done in similar situations on Earth.


"So the unaltered rock has this dark brown color. However, along the joints you see that the dark brown minerals have been chemically removed by the fluids that were flowing within the joints, so the area has been bleached," he said.


 
Chris Okubo


In a paper in the journal Science, Okubo and a colleague say the bleaching 6 would have taken a long time to occur - perhaps hundreds of millions or a few billion years. He explained at a scientific meeting in San Francisco that an underground setting for water could have been conducive 7 for life on Mars.


"The fact that these areas were underground is important because the overlying several kilometers of rock would have acted as buffers 8 against any sort of harsh environmental conditions that may have existed at the surface of Mars at this time. So these areas would be nice protected areas for any sort of biologic processes to occur," he said.


Previous findings by NASA robot rovers on Mars have shown that water once flowed on the surface and may have formed lakes and even oceans. Recent photos of fresh gullies from another U.S. satellite indicate it might still be percolating 9 up from underground.


Mars water specialist Stephen Clifford of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas, says Okubo's research supports the notion that ground water remains 10 beneath the Martian surface crust.


"The fact that there is such persuasive 11 evidence of joints and fractures in the crust also suggests that this groundwater had an ability to flow enormous distances. That has implications for understanding the processes that led to the redistribution of water from surface environments like lakes and seas into the subsurface, into that increasingly thick layer of frozen ground that was the result of both the external climate cooling and the decline of the planet's internal heat flow," he said.


Okubo says his analysis awaits confirmation 12 by a future generation of Mars rovers, which could check the chemical composition of the rocks up close.



n.狭长裂缝或裂隙( fissure的名词复数 );裂伤;分歧;分裂v.裂开( fissure的第三人称单数 )
  • Rising molten rock flows out on the ocean floor and caps the fissures, trapping the water. 上升熔岩流到海底并堵住了裂隙,结果把海水封在里面。 来自辞典例句
  • The French have held two colloquia and an international symposium on rock fissures. 法国已经开了两次岩石裂缝方面的报告会和一个国际会议。 来自辞典例句
n.峡谷,溪谷
  • The Grand Canyon in the USA is 1900 metres deep.美国的大峡谷1900米深。
  • The canyon is famous for producing echoes.这个峡谷以回声而闻名。
沙丘( dune的名词复数 )
  • The boy galloped over the dunes barefoot. 那男孩光着脚在沙丘间飞跑。
  • Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat. 将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
接头( joint的名词复数 ); 关节; 公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所) (非正式); 一块烤肉 (英式英语)
  • Expansion joints of various kinds are fitted on gas mains. 各种各样的伸缩接头被安装在煤气的总管道上了。
  • Expansion joints of various kinds are fitted on steam pipes. 各种各样的伸缩接头被安装在蒸气管道上了。
漂白法,漂白
  • Moderately weathered rock showed more intense bleaching and fissuring in the feldspars. 中等风化岩石则是指长石有更为强烈的变白现象和裂纹现象。
  • Bleaching effects are very strong and show on air photos. 退色效应非常强烈,并且反映在航空象片上。
adj.有益的,有助的
  • This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
  • Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。
起缓冲作用的人(或物)( buffer的名词复数 ); 缓冲器; 减震器; 愚蠢老头
  • To allocate and schedule the use of buffers. 分配和计划缓冲器的使用。
  • Number of times the stream has paused due to insufficient stream buffers. 由于流缓冲区不足导致流程暂停的次数。
n.渗透v.滤( percolate的现在分词 );渗透;(思想等)渗透;渗入
  • Bubbles simply supply a short cut for the faster-moving percolating gas. 气泡不过是对快速运动的渗透气体提供了一条捷径。 来自辞典例句
  • I' ll percolate some coffee, ie make it by percolating. 我去用过滤法煮些咖啡。 来自辞典例句
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
adj.有说服力的,能说得使人相信的
  • His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.他赞成办一座新学校的理由很有说服力。
  • The evidence was not really persuasive enough.证据并不是太有说服力。
n.证实,确认,批准
  • We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
  • We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前,我们需要书面确认。
学英语单词
acroama
aecocs
angiocardiopathy
archaeols
Bambel
Basauri
batarism
black calla
black opals
British Chamber of Shipping
bromometric titration
cheer-leaders
chesnais
coagulases
coefficient of visocosity
colored crayon
cone baffle classifier
cyclophoruss
desk organiser
detainees
dividend payable in capital stock
downhill
drug legislation
efter
Elizabeth Pt.
eluents
emblazoning
embolismatical
environmental simulation test
Equitable Distribution
experimentalizing
Eyre, L.
fair-price shop
fallacy of division
first grading
five - o'clock
fork structure of bubble device
fortran based graphics package
freely rotating polymer chain
frequency channel
germinating and growing in water
Hardheim
have one's tail up
headtilt
High Definition Multimedia Interface
high-mass x-ray binary
hydraulic-ram
induction electrical log
industry jargon
internuclear separation
iterative programming
job hunting
kusnitz
Lake Taiye
late-payment
leuk(a)emic
long vernier
lotze
Luke Air Force Base
Lycaeon
manjuice
mild-to-moderate
military communication satellite
milk protein
Monsec
multi-body position fixing
musharraf
mutual magnetic flux
net operating time
not the ghost of an idea
Nozaki-jima
off-field
onychitis
Paronychieae
receded disk impeller
redox analyser
respiration anesthesia
rosbif
salt cake pan
scutes
sea of instability
sheriffry
sign of aggregation
slantiness
speed change valve
sprout inhibition
sun worship
termination phase
thermophilic bacterium
touchprint
transportation advertising
turks head rolls
vacuum ion pump
vacuum steel
Valkyrs
variable bindings
vvips
welding torch pipe
wintersome
wiremen
ziphioid
zoophile