VOA慢速英语2016 佛洛伊德式失言及其他类型的心理呓语

Freudian Slip and Other Types of Psychobabble 佛洛伊德式失言及其他类型的心理呓语

Now, the VOA Learning English program Words and Their Stories!

现在是Voa英语学习词汇掌故栏目。

Each week, we tell about and explain sayings in American English.

每周我们都会对美式英语中的常用表达进行讲解。

Today is it different types of psychobabble.

今天要讲解的是不同类型的心理呓语。

Psychobabble is a fairly new word in the English language. For about 40 years, people have been using psychobabble to describe the language of popular psychotherapy.

在英语中，心理呓语是个较新的词。40年来，人们一直用心理呓语来描述心理疗法的语言。

Psychotherapists are specialists in treating mental or emotional disorders 1. They talk with patients about their problems instead of using medicine or drugs.

心理治疗师是指治疗精神障碍或情绪障碍的专门医师。他们通过与病人交谈治疗疾病，而不是采用药物。

Psychobabble can be used in areas other than the world of psychotherapy. Often these words find their way into everyday language.

除了心理治疗之外，心理呓语还可用于其他领域。日常用语中经常会有这类单词。

Sigmund Freud is said to be the father of psychoanalysis. He opened up new ways of thinking about the mind. Freud and his work on unconscious, suppressed desires also led to several new expressions.

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德是心理分析学之父。他提出了对精神的新看法。佛洛伊德有关无意识压抑的欲望也促使形成了若干新表达。

Among these is the saying “a Freudian slip.” A Freudian slip is something people say accidentally that shows their true feelings. We also call this a slip of the tongue.

其中之一就是“佛洛伊德式失言”（ a Freudian slip）。弗洛伊德式失言是指某人一不小心说出了自己的真实感受。我们还将其称之为“口误”（ a slip of the tongue）。

Freud explored the feelings that people keep buried deep inside themselves. They fail to recognize they are keeping their feelings hidden. Those feelings are bottled upinside the individual, Freud said. And sometimes these bottled up feelings come out in uncontrolled ways.

佛洛伊德研究的是人们埋藏在内心深处的情感。他们未能意识到他们正在隐藏感情。佛洛伊德说道，他们把这些感情紧锁在内心中。有时这些瓶装起来的感情，以不受控制的方式说出来。

Here is an example. In 2004, Condoleezza Rice served as National Security Advisor 2 to the president of the United States, George W. Bush. She was unmarried at the time and there were reports that she spent much of her time with the president and his wife Laura.

以下是个例子。2004年，康多莉扎·赖斯是美国总统布什的国家安全顾问。她当时还未结婚，有很多报道表示赖斯与总统和总统夫人劳拉在一起的时间太长。

At a dinner party one night, Rice was talking with a group of people. She reportedly said,“As I was telling my husb—as I was telling President Bush …”Some reporters wrote that Rice’s Freudian slip might have shown how she really felt about Bush.

一天在晚宴上，赖斯和很多人在谈话。她说道：“正如我告诉我丈夫……正如我告诉布什总统……”一些记者写道赖斯的口误表达了她对总统的真正感觉。

Sigmund Freud also defined parts of the human mind. In Freud’s thinking, a mind is divided into three parts.

佛洛伊德还对人类思想的不同部分进行了定义。据佛洛伊德，人格可以分为三个部分。

The ego 3 is the part of the mind that senses and reacts to changes in the real world. The superego is the part that relates to ideas about what is right and wrong and to feelings of guilt 4. The id is the part of our unconscious minds that relates to one’s basic needs and desires.

“自我”是指对外界变化的感知和反应。“超我”是指对正误和罪恶感的看法。“本我”是指有关个人最基本的需要和欲望的潜意识心理。

Of these three parts, it is the ego that is used in common expressions. If someone is said to be on an ego trip, they are only thinking of themselves. We also use this expression as a verb, saying that someone is ego tripping.

这三部分中，“自我”经常用于常用表达之中。如果说某人追求个人满足（be on an ego trip），意思是他们只为自己考虑。这个表达还可以用作动词，因此可以说“someone is ego tripping”。

To stroke someone’s ego is to praise them in order to get what you want. For example, if your supervisor 5 is difficult to work with, just stroke his ego. Tell him he has the best ideas and that you are learning a lot from him!

“安抚某人的自尊”（stroke someone’s ego）是指表扬他人以得到自己想要的。比如，如果你的主管非常难相处，那么你可以安抚一下他的自尊。告诉他，他的主意最棒，你从他那里学到了很多。

If this boss is egocentric, all those nice comments just might work. Egocentrics are people who care too much for themselves and not enough about others. Egomania is the state of being egocentric. You could say an egomaniac lives in the state of egomania.

如果老板是以自我为中心的，那么所有漂亮的评论都会起作用。利己主义者（egocentrics）是指过于关心自己，但不怎么关心别人的人。利己癖（Egomania）是指利己的一种状态。你可以说一个利己主义者有利己癖。

However, an alter ego is the exact opposite of an ordinary personality. In literature, one of the most famous examples of an alter ego appears in the book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson.

但“他我”则是指性格中的另一面。在文学作品中，“他我”最出名的例子出自罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森的《化身博士》。

This story became so famous that the saying "Jekyll and Hyde” now means a person who is different in moral character from one situation to the next.

这个故事非常出名，因此"Jekyll and Hyde”意思是指一个人在不同场景下的人格不同，即“双重人格者”。

For example, you could say, “She has a real Jekyll and Hyde personality. One minute, she’s nice and quiet. The next she is shouting at people and insulting them.”

比如，你可以说“她有双重人格。这会儿安静善良，过会儿就对人大喊甚至侮辱他人。”

Other personality types have made it out of the doctor’s office and into American English. Take a Type A personality, for example. A Type A is said to be aggressive and very competitive.

其他人格类型也走出了医生办公室，融入到美式英语中。比如，a型人格。a型人格是指具有进取心和竞争性的人。

Researchers started using this expression in the 1950s when they explored the connection between Type A personalities 6, stress and heart disease. In the 1970s, the term Type A found its way into everyday language.

20世纪50年代，研究人员研究a型人格、压力和心脏病之间的关系时，开始使用这个表达。20世纪70年代时，这个表达成为日常用语。

Type As are often described as overachievers, goal-oriented and driven. Their main concern is their career. This may sound bad. But Type A people are actually highly effective in the workplace.

A型人格的人通常都是成就超出预料的成功者、有目标的人。他们最关心的就是自己的职业。听起来不太好，但A型人格的人工作时效率通常很高。

And perhaps people who are a little Type A are also good at learning English.

或许稍微有点A型人格的人很擅长学英语。

Words in This Story

 bottled up – idiomatic 7 expression. control and refrain from showing

insult – v. to do or say something that is offensive to someone; to do or say something that shows a lack of respect for someone

overachiever – adj. someone who has much more success than is normal or expected especially at a young age

goal-oriented – adj. works hard to reach good results in the work that they have been given