VOA英语2010年-Nation's Poet Laureate Sounds the Alarm

American writer W.S. Merwin has been named by the Librarian of Congress as the nation's 17th Poet Laureate. The honor tops Merwin's long list of achievements, which includes over 50 volumes of poetry, prose, criticism and translation, two Pulitzer Prizes and a National Book Award. Like other poets laureate, Merwin will gain a unique pulpit from which to advocate for one of society's most beloved art forms.

With his snow-white hair, clear blue eyes and handsome, chiseled 1 face, W.S. Merwin exudes 2 the intelligence and gravitas one might expect from America's most public poet. But it is the inner worlds of love, loss and sorrow that Merwin endeavors to explore, as in these words from the poem called "Separation:" Your absence has gone through me like thread through a needle. Everything I do is stitched with its color.

Merwin eschews 3 prettiness in his poems, choosing instead to reveal the wildness and poetry within himself as a bridge to the inner lives of others, and to nature itself.

"But it would have to be that way, wouldn't it? I can't take you to your place. I don't know your place. What was it our great prophet, Thoreau, said 'Another man's mind is a dark forest,'" say Merwin. "There is always part of the forest which you discover and which you don't know and which you wander in, and which persists in fairy tales. Every child recognizes that forest. It's the place where you can't tell the difference between dreaming and waking."

It is that shoreline between waking and dreaming, land and sea, that we hear in Merwin's short poem "The Tidal Lagoon," which he wrote in Hawaii, where he has lived since the 1970s.

From the edge of the bare reef in the afternoon

Children who can't swim fling themselves forward calling

and disappear for a moment in the long mirror

that contains the reflections of the mountains

Merwin says that poetry often deals with levels of reality that lie just outside our everyday perception, but that can be reached through the poetic 4 imagination.

"Poetry is about what cannot be said. Poetry is that Iraqi woman on the front page of the paper with her mouth open because her husband has just been destroyed by a bomb in front of her. And what on earth can be said? It's just one long scream coming out of her. From that, comes poetry."

For Merwin, what makes human beings unique is the capacity for imagination, and therefore compassion 5 - both qualities that poetry evokes 6.

"It's what makes us concerned about the suffering of the whales or the porpoises 7, or the people dying of AIDS in Africa, or the plight 8 of a single mother with three children," he says. "That is something that is largely developed in our own species, the capacity for compassion, for recognizing that one's situation is one's own situation, that there is no separation, that suffering really is the same."

It was both compassion and rage that fueled Merwin's collection of poems called "The Carrier of Ladders." The volume dealt with America's military involvement in Vietnam, and it won the 1971 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. It includes the poem "The Asians Dying."

When the forests have been destroyed their darkness remains 9

The ash the great walker follows the possessors

Forever

Nothing they will come to is real

Nor for long

Over the watercourses

Like ducks in the time of the ducks

The ghosts of the villages trail in the sky

Making a new twilight 10

Merwin's profound connection to the natural world, and his sadness at its continued degradation 11 by man, has been a theme in his life and poetry since he was a child. He remembers that 20 years ago, he could hear the separate songs of nine nightingales in the rural French village where he once lived. Today, when he visits the village, he hears no nightingales there. There were once hoards 12 of swallows in the village as well. Now there are none.

"No one seems to notice that. I don't know what distresses 13 me more - the fact that they aren't there or the fact that nobody notices. What does that say about us that we think it's okay to have a world without swallows in it?"

Merwin says he wrote his poem, "For a Coming Extinction," in response to the Mexican government's decision to build a bridge across the Sea of Cortes which would have sealed off the Gray whale's breeding grounds.

Gray whale

Now that we are sending you to The End

That great god

Tell him

That we who follow you invented forgiveness

And forgive nothing

I write as though you could understand

And I could say it

One must always pretend something

Among the dying

When you have left the sea nodding on its stalk

Empty of you

Tell him that we were made

On another day

The bewilderment will diminish like an echo...

Raising the alarm is a big part of how Merwin envisions his role as America's poet laureate.

"I don't want to be a preacher, but I do want to say once in a very public place, in a very official place this: I think we're doing something very dangerous. We are really insisting on driving at 80 miles an hour with a stone wall not very far down the road. Somebody has to at least question it."