时间:2019-01-09 作者:英语课 分类:2006年VOA标准英语(十一月)


英语课

By Anjana Pasricha
New Delhi
12 November 2006 





Indian girl collects drinking water from a tank at a slum in New Delhi
Indian girl collects drinking water from a tank at a slum in New Delhi
(File photo)

 
 


 
 
 



In its latest human development report, the United Nations says one of the world's poorest countries, Bangladesh, has made dramatic progress in providing sanitation 1 to low-income communities, and urges developing countries such as India and Pakistan to follow suit. 


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Less than one-third of Indians have access to sanitation, according to the recent report prepared by the United Nations Development Program. The situation is even worse in neighboring Pakistan, especially in teeming 2 cities like Lahore and Karachi. The result: more than half-a-million people in these two countries die every year from water-borne diseases like diarrhea.


Arunabha Ghosh, one of the writers of the U.N. report, says the lack of access to sanitation and clean water also creates an enormous drain on the growing economies of the South Asian region.


"Thirty-six-billion dollars is lost due to productivity losses or increased health costs because of the number affected 3 by water-related diseases," said Ghosh. "So, for a fast growing region like South Asia, there is a huge economic waste that can be countered by addressing this problem."


But the U.N. says an even poorer country, Bangladesh, has demonstrated that the situation can be dramatically different.


Less than a decade ago, Bangladesh had one of the worst records for sanitation in rural areas. Then more than 600 non-profit groups in the country got together to launch what is known as the "Total Sanitation Campaign."


Ghosh at the U.N. says the program involves a three-step strategy to make individuals understand the crucial role that sanitation plays in preventing disease.


"The first of it is disgust. Community leaders take other members of the community around the slum to create disgust about human and animal excreta," said Ghosh. "The second is increasing awareness 4 about what that means for health, so individuals themselves realize how this impacts their life chances."


"And then the third step is mobilizing both community resources and government resources to provide low-tech sanitation facilities," continued Ghosh. "Bangladesh has become a world leader in building low-tech toilets, which are cheap and affordable 5."


The successful community-based program led to the creation of sanitation facilities across thousands of villages and urban slums. It has now been scaled up into a national project, and aims to achieve nationwide sanitation coverage 6 by 2010.


The U.N. says the same community model is being attempted in parts of India, China and Cambodia, but needs to be broadened to cover larger parts of these countries.



n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备
  • The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看,这个地段非常糟糕。
  • Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。
adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 );到处都是;(指水、雨等)暴降;倾注
  • The rain was teeming down. 大雨倾盆而下。
  • the teeming streets of the city 熙熙攘攘的城市街道
adj.不自然的,假装的
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
adj.支付得起的,不太昂贵的
  • The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
  • There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
  • There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
学英语单词
a retail outlet
aero-gas turbine engine
airborne early-warning station
aloe-emodin anthranol
Alseodaphne
Amynodontidae
anover de tajo
archiepiscopates
Atlantic manta
automated layout program
azzawi
ba'id
bone-seeking
brine mixing tank
burden of agricultural tax
calathidium
call/fault light
camise
carotenogenic
chabertia
characteristic symptom
Christmas is coming
Cobeta
cola ntu
condenser reactance
CRMS
Cynanchum auriculatum
declinometers
defect scattering
deka
denudes
depolo
dielectric strength.
diethylene glycol dioleate
dislocation breccia
dispersoids
dual-acting band brake
endurance athletes
entity life cycle model
epididymectomy
exchange of equivalents
expected date of confinement
feedback equalizer
financial document
font inline sequence
fullied
glass-transition temperature
guessive
Headon beds
Hit rough weather
hot air drier
ice drift
integration scenario
interest reserve
isochronous modulation
judiciall
land desertification
laser fracturing
Lingones
low-income countries and territories
lynset
marchaiss
metaverruca recta
Microporellidae
multisection optical amplifier
nitrogen cascade
non-climacteric fruit
number-crunch
open-center plan position indicator
open-tube vapor growth
palos hills
pay master general
payable to bearer
pipeline architecture
play a joke on someone
puccinia canaliculata
rabbler
real growth
reproducibles
rutinulose
scale board
Schiller's disease
seer hand
shearing rupture
SLSF (sodium loop safety facility)
soy(bean) milk film
standard body beef
steel cable baffle ring
straight sinuss
tazheranite
teargass
tetartohedral form
tetrodotoxin (ttx)
thermal properties of water
thrb
tutorial message
wait signal
wet plates
wide-opening
wind guard
Yawara
zircaloy tube