英语写作指导:常见的英语修辞
英语课
修辞手法(figure of speech)修辞手法是通过修饰、调整语句,运用特定的表达形式以提高语言表达作用的方式和方法。修辞不仅仅在中文里很常见,在英文里也是多种多样。这篇文章里,我们就来谈一谈英文中常见的修辞手法。
1.simile 1明喻
A simile is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly 3 compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as.
明喻是常用as或like等词将两种不同事物通过比较而连接起来的一种修辞手法。
让我们看几个例子:
Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong.
好的咖啡如同友谊,丰厚,温暖,热烈。
Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines 4. We're all of us looking for the key.
人生就像一罐沙丁鱼,我们大家都在找开启的起子。
He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen from him to crow.
他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡,以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。
2.metaphor 5暗喻
A metaphor is a trope or figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common.
暗喻是将两种有共同点的不同事物进行隐晦比较的修辞手法。
明喻与暗喻的不同点就在于是否有出现like或者as(像)这一类比喻词,下面这几个句子都是暗喻:
Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action.
幽默是生活的减震器,它可以鼓舞人们付诸于行动。
Time, you thief.
时间,你这个小偷。
But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.
可是我的心是孤独的猎手,在孤独的小山上狩猎。
3.personification拟人
Personifiation is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.
拟人是一种为无生命或抽象物体赋予人类特质与能力的修辞手法。
Oreo: Milk’s favorite cookie.
奥利奥:牛奶最喜爱的曲奇。
The wind stood up and gave a shout.
大风凛冽,发出怒吼。
The only monster here is the gambling 6 monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and it's time to snatch your mother from his neon claws!
这里唯一的怪物就是赌博怪物,它将你母亲沦为奴隶!我叫它赌棍,该把你母亲从他的霓虹灯魔爪下救出来的时候了!
4.euphemism 7委婉语
Euphemism is the substitution of an inoffensive expression for one considered offensively explicit 2
委婉语是使用较委婉含蓄的语言替换强烈冒犯的话语。
这种修辞可能听起来陌生,但在日常生活中的使用频率其实很高。比如,老人去世的时候我们会采用“过世”、“走了”这一类的话语,这其实就是委婉语。英文里也有类似的用法,了解委婉语背后真正的含义对阅读英语文章也是很有帮助的哦~下面我们就一起看几个例子:
elder citizen老年人(不用old people)
pass away逝世(不用die)
You've got a prime figure.你的体态丰腴。(不用fat)
5.pun双关语
A pun is a play on words, either on different senses of the same word or on the similar sense or sound of different words.
双关语是指利用同词不同义或是同音不同词来制造文字游戏的一种修辞方式。
部分电视剧的幽默效果就是通过双关语来实现的。
You earn your living and you urn 8 your dead.
生前劳碌奔命,死后化灰入土。
(earn与urn(火化)同音异义,用在一起显得俏皮,别有趣味。)
Seven days without water makes one weak.
七天不进水,人就会虚弱。
weak和week是同音异义词。因此这句话听起来可以理解为:
Seven days without water makes one week.
6.alliteration 9头韵
Alliteration is the repetition of an initial consonant 10 sound.
押头韵是指重复单词第一个辅音的修辞方式。
头韵是英语语音修辞的一种,体现了语言的音乐美和整齐美。广为熟知的一本名著《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)的书名就体现了头韵。常见的例子还有:
first and foremost首先
with might and main 尽全力地
saints and sinners 圣人与罪人
in weal and (or) woe 11无论是福是祸
7.oxymoron矛盾修辞法
Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory 12 terms appear side by side.
矛盾修辞法是一种修辞手段,它是用两种不相调和,甚至截然相反的词语来形容一件事物。
这个定义是不是听起来云里雾里的呢?让我们先用中文的例子来理解一下~
宝玉道:“我呢?你们也替我想一个。”
宝钗笑道:“你的号早有了,无事忙三字恰当得很!”
上文的“无事忙”就是矛盾修辞法,“无事”和“忙”不就是两种截然相反的状态吗?
再来看几个英文例子:
We have to believe in free will. We have no choice.
我们只能相信自由意志,除此之外我们别无选择。
His honour rooted in dishonour 13 stood.
他那来源于不名誉的名誉依然如故。
8.hyperbole夸张
Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant 14 statement.
夸张是对事物着意夸大的修辞方式。
我们在口语中常常会夸大自己的情绪,比如:
I was scared to death
我吓死了。
男男女女在表达爱意的时候经常也很夸张:
You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars….
你是我的全世界,是我的月亮,我的星星……
另外,值得一提的是,你知道这个单词怎么发音吗?不知道的话就动动手指查一查吧。
1 simile
n.直喻,明喻
- I believe this simile largely speaks the truth.我相信这种比拟在很大程度上道出了真实。
- It is a trite simile to compare her teeth to pearls.把她的牙齿比做珍珠是陈腐的比喻。
2 explicit
adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的
- She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
- He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。
3 explicitly
ad.明确地,显然地
- The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
- SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条,清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
4 sardines
n. 沙丁鱼
- The young of some kinds of herring are canned as sardines. 有些种类的鲱鱼幼鱼可制成罐头。
- Sardines can be eaten fresh but are often preserved in tins. 沙丁鱼可以吃新鲜的,但常常是装听的。
5 metaphor
n.隐喻,暗喻
- Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方,我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
- In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。
6 gambling
n.赌博;投机
- They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
- The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。
7 euphemism
n.婉言,委婉的说法
- Language reflects culture and euphemism is a mirror of culture.语言反映文化,而婉语则是各种文化的一面镜子。
- Euphemism is a very common and complicated linguistic phenomenon.委婉语是一种十分常见而又非常复杂的语言现象。
8 urn
n.(有座脚的)瓮;坟墓;骨灰瓮
- The urn was unearthed entire.这只瓮出土完整无缺。
- She put the big hot coffee urn on the table and plugged it in.她将大咖啡壶放在桌子上,接上电源。
9 alliteration
n.(诗歌的)头韵
- We chose alliteration on the theory a little vulgarity enhances memory.在理论上我们选择有点儿粗俗的头韵来帮助记忆。
- It'seems to me that in prose alliteration should be used only for a special reason.依我看,在散文里,头韵只能在一定的场合使用。
10 consonant
n.辅音;adj.[音]符合的
- The quality of this suit isn't quite consonant with its price.这套衣服的质量和价钱不相称。
- These are common consonant clusters at the beginning of words.这些单词的开头有相同辅音组合。
11 woe
n.悲哀,苦痛,不幸,困难;int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌
- Our two peoples are brothers sharing weal and woe.我们两国人民是患难与共的兄弟。
- A man is well or woe as he thinks himself so.自认祸是祸,自认福是福。
12 contradictory
adj.反驳的,反对的,抗辩的;n.正反对,矛盾对立
- The argument is internally contradictory.论据本身自相矛盾。
- What he said was self-contradictory.他讲话前后不符。
13 dishonour
n./vt.拒付(支票、汇票、票据等);vt.凌辱,使丢脸;n.不名誉,耻辱,不光彩
- There's no dishonour in losing.失败并不是耻辱。
- He would rather die than live in dishonour.他宁死不愿忍辱偷生。
14 extravagant
adj.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的
- They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。
- He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。
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