什么是铸造在伯克希尔县:发现就是用当地货币做奖励

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Now trading in Ben Franklins for Norman Rockwells.

　　Economics correspondent Paul Solman visits one New England county that prints its own money.
　　It's part of his ongoing 1 reporting Making Sense of financial news.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: The Berkshire Mountains of Western Massachusetts, home to the historic Red Lion Inn in Stockbridge, operating continuously since 1773, back when the tab might have been settled with newly minted so-called Continentals 2, revolutionary currency; 240 years later, I can pay by United States dollar, of course, or credit card.Paul Solman. What's my bill?
　　WOMAN: Right now, you have an outstanding balance of $148.10.
　　MAKING SENSE: The Art of Local Currency: Keeping Small Beautiful
　　PAUL SOLMAN: One-forty-eight-10?
　　WOMAN: Yes.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: But the inn offers another option.
　　But I'm going to get BerkShares to pay with.
　　WOMAN: Oh, perfect.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: That's OK?
　　WOMAN: Absolutely.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: BerkShares, an alternative, small-is-beautiful local currency born in 2006 and now accepted by some 400 businesses in Berkshire County.
　　The process begins at five area banks, one conveniently right next door to the Red Lion Inn.
　　Among them, the banks have about a million BerkShares in their vaults 3, circulated only when someone like me steps up to the window.
　　Can I trade dollars for BerkShares here, just no questions asked?
　　No fuss, no muss, and you buy BerkShares at a 5 percent discount, getting 105 BerkShares for every $100.
　　Seven hundred.
　　For my $700, to cover our crew costs for several nights at the inn, 735 BerkShares.
　　I'm back.
　　WOMAN: Hi.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Hey, with BerkShares.And, thus, you get a discount at every place that accepts the local currency, because at the bank, it takes 105 BerkShares to buy back $100.
　　The main purpose, then:
　　BRIAN BUTTERWORTH, Red Lion Inn: BerkShares is just a way to keep money within the community.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Brian Butterworth is the Red Lion Inn's director of sales.
　　BRIAN BUTTERWORTH: We don't make money off of it or lose money off of it.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: But wait a second. I just got a 5 percent discount. That's not good for the Red Lion Inn, isit?
　　BRIAN BUTTERWORTH: We take your BerkShares at the same value as U.S. dollars, and we spend them as U.S. dollars.
　　And it stays in our community, because there's a geographical 4 limit to where you can redeem 5 BerkShares.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: And in keeping with the small-is-beautiful philosophy, the limit is about 10 miles outside Berkshire County's borders.
　　ALICE MAGGIO, Schumacher Center for New Economics: But we don't enforce who can take BerkShares and who can't.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Alice Maggio runs the BerkShares program out of the Schumacher Center for New Economics in Great Barrington.
　　E.f. Schumacher was the author of small is beautiful. But Maggio admits small can also be parochial.
　　ALICE MAGGIO: You can see local currencies as isolationist and secessionist.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Protectionist?
　　ALICE MAGGIO: Or protectionist.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: But she hardly thinks BerkShares represent a threat to global trade.
　　ALICE MAGGIO: We used to have this system in this country. We used to have local currencies everywhere.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Yes.
　　ALICE MAGGIO: That's what we’d like to see again, is this regional currencies that work for their region and then a national currency. Why not?
　　PAUL SOLMAN: In a remarkably 6 apt application of the phrase think globally, act locally, there's a mini-boom in local currencies worldwide, especially in Europe, the Chiemgauer in Southern Germany, in France, theBasque Eusko, and Toulouse Sol-Violette, the Bristol Pound and the Brixton Pound in the U.K.
　　But, while thinking globally, we too were acting 7 locally, and thus more interested in the currency of Berkshire county. So, Alice Maggio took us for a tour of our options, first stop, The Magic Fluke, a local ukulele manufacturer.
　　ALICE MAGGIO: Hello.
　　PHYLLIS WEBB, The Magic Fluke Company: We make a great solid-body ukulele, where we actually took thetrees down and kiln-dried the wood.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Co-owner Phyllis Webb, a woman some might describe as from an earlier era.
　　PHYLLIS WEBB: Right here in Sheffield, we have been able to find some wood for our fretboard, and in ournew violin, we will be using an injection molder right here in Pittsfield, so not far away.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Ideally, The Magic Fluke pays in BerkShares for the parts to make its instruments.
　　PHYLLIS WEBB: We do sell all over the world, but we hire local people. It's good for our country to keepmanufacturing here. It's about community support.
　　It's about shopping local. It's about sustainability right here where we live and where we work.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Now, the Berkshires are known for a certain kind of lifestyle, which attracts what you mightcall cosmopolitan 8 locals.
　　JEAN FRANCOIS BIZALION, Bizalion's Fine Food: I came on a July 4 weekend 25 years ago and fell in love with the area. And it took me 10 years to move here full-time 9.
　　This is Francois. How are you?
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Jean Francois Bizalion, a native of Arles in the South of France, used to be a fashion editor, now runs his own gourmet 10 shop in Great Barrington.
　　JEAN FRANCOIS BIZALION: We take BerkShares from our customers when they purchase food or items off the shelf, and we also pay some of the vendors 11 locally with our BerkShares.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: So, is it more a political act on your part or a self-interested act, in the sense that you will get more business if there are more people circulating or owning BerkShares?
　　JEAN FRANCOIS BIZALION: It's a bit of both. We're trying to encourage local industries and possibly put a stop to big formula stores who might be coming in and not having the same effects when they do business here as a small enterprise would.
　　So, in that sense, it is political.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: I assume you mean liberal political, or sort of left-wing political. That fair?
　　JEAN FRANCOIS BIZALION: Yes, it is fair. Left-wing, maybe, liberal, yes.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: And so it went everywhere we visited, at establishments that have been doing business with BerkShares since day one and with recent converts that Alice Maggio was just signing up.
　　ARI ZORN, Zorn Core Fitness: My name is Ari Zorn of Zorn Core Fitness. I signed up for BerkShares today. And I think it's a beautiful thing.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: A locavore latte lover's liberal dream come true? This isn't partisan 12, says Brian Butterworth, a Republican.
　　BRIAN BUTTERWORTH: It -- also a conservative appeal as well, because of some concerns with the money system as it is right now in the United States.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: Tom's Toys also fails to fit the stereotype 13.
　　Anything that's made locally?
　　TOM LEVIN, Tom's Toys: Local New England local or USA, but not in Great Barrington or Berkshire County, no.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: In fact, most of the toys Tom Levin showed me for my grandkids, like most toys everywhere, were, yes, made in China.
　　Still, Levin sees himself as doing his part to save Main Street for tourists and locals alike.
　　Is BerkShares the answer to the threat to retail 14 from the Internet and chain stores?
　　TOM LEVIN: I would say it's part of the answer.
　　The answer is also to create awareness 15 among people that, if they shop online, 100 percent of what they spend goes into the same cyberspace 16 that they're sending their order.
　　If they shop at a big box store, 65 percent of what they spend leaves the community.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: But, in the end, do consumers really care? Legend has it the very first BerkShare transactiontook place across this counter at Rubi's Coffee shop.
　　Owner Matt Rubiner says the BerkShare movement was something of a fad 17 at first. Then:
　　MATT RUBINER, Rubi's Coffee & Sandwiches: It went through kind of a fallow time, but now we're beginning to see more and more.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: And Alice Maggio is working hard to add even more businesses, is eying a scheme to issue moreBerkShares as so-called productive loans to local businesses by fronting them the currency to start up orexpand.
　　Ultimately, she also hopes to untie 18 BerkShares from the U.S. dollar.
　　ALICE MAGGIO: That is our goal, is to create a currency that holds its value, as opposed to a currency like the dollar that's inflating 19 constantly.
　　So, and at that point, people will want to use BerkShares.
　　PAUL SOLMAN: And for folks in places like Berkshire Country, under the cloud of both de-industrialization and globalization for decades now, the hope is that here comes the sun once more.