时间:2019-01-07 作者:英语课 分类:2006年VOA标准英语(一月)


英语课

By Charlene Sarmiento
Washington, DC
24 January 2006
 
watch State of Union report
 
  
  
President Bush will make his State of the Union address on Tuesday, January 31st to both houses of Congress, members of the Supreme 1 Court, other government officials and the American people.  Paul Miller 2 has a look at the history and significance of this political tradition. 

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U.S President George W. Bush's address to both houses of Congress continues a long-standing tradition in the relations between the executive and legislative 3 branches of the United States government. 

Under the terms of the U.S. Constitution, an American president must communicate from time to time with Congress on the State of the Union and on other issues he considers necessary and expedient 4.  The Constitution gives no further guidance, but the presidential message, now commonly called the State of the Union address, has become an annual political ritual.


Allan Lichtman (file photo)   
  
The tradition began with the first president, George Washington, who delivered his yearly messages in person.  Delivery in person fell out of favor though, under third president, Thomas Jefferson. 

American University professor Allan Lichtman explains President Jefferson felt appearing before Congress was too much like royalty 5.  "So Jefferson in 1801 decided 6 he would not appear personally before a congress, but rather he would deliver a written annual message and low and behold 7 we changed the president. Since Jefferson, presidents kept delivering annual messages, but in writing rather than in person until another great political leader came on the scene, Woodrow Wilson," he said.

President Wilson went before Congress in 1913, to deliver his proposal for economic regulation.  The next president to appear in person was Franklin D. Roosevelt whose annual speech was the first to be broadcast on radio. 


Stephen Wayne (file photo)   
  
Stephen Wayne is an expert on the presidency 8 at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. says, "The State of the Union address has become the way in which the president sets the agenda for Congress and speaks to the American people about his accomplishments 9 and hopes for the future. It's part of our political tradition.   There is a lot of ceremony attached to it.  And that usually works to the benefit of the president."

Mr. Lichtman spoke 10 about this annual message. He says, "Any shrewd politician knows if you're going to get a chance to make a major address you're not just going to speak to the members of Congress, you're going to speak to all the American people.  And really, presidents have used their annual messages, not simply to inform Congress, but to sell their programs to the public."

Abraham Lincoln, in fact, used his annual message in 1862 to launch his first attack on slavery, saying that without slavery there would have been no U.S. Civil War.  Franklin D. Roosevelt's Economic Bill of Rights was announced in one of his addresses.  Harry 11 Truman went before Congress to outline the program he called, The Fair Deal.  And Lyndon Johnson, in the 1960s, proposed new civil rights laws and efforts to eradicate 12 poverty.  "And this administration, today, here, and now, declares unconditional 13 war on poverty in America," he said.

In this year's address, President Bush will try to reinvigorate his second term agenda following a difficult 2005 where mounting disenchantment with the war on terror, the government's response to Hurricane Katrina, the indictment 14 of a top White House advisor 15 and scandals involving leaders of his Republican Party gave Mr. Bush the lowest approval ratings of his presidency.



adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
n.磨坊主
  • Every miller draws water to his own mill.磨坊主都往自己磨里注水。
  • The skilful miller killed millions of lions with his ski.技术娴熟的磨坊主用雪橇杀死了上百万头狮子。
n.立法机构,立法权;adj.立法的,有立法权的
  • Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
  • Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。
adj.有用的,有利的;n.紧急的办法,权宜之计
  • The government found it expedient to relax censorship a little.政府发现略微放宽审查是可取的。
  • Every kind of expedient was devised by our friends.我们的朋友想出了各种各样的应急办法。
n.皇家,皇族
  • She claims to be descended from royalty.她声称她是皇室后裔。
  • I waited on tables,and even catered to royalty at the Royal Albert Hall.我做过服务生, 甚至在皇家阿伯特大厅侍奉过皇室的人。
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
v.看,注视,看到
  • The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold.这些小蚂蚁辛勤劳动的样子看上去真令人惊叹。
  • The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold.海滨日出真是个奇景。
n.总统(校长,总经理)的职位(任期)
  • Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
  • Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。
n.造诣;完成( accomplishment的名词复数 );技能;成绩;成就
  • It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
  • Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
  • Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天,人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
  • Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。
v.根除,消灭,杜绝
  • These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
  • They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。
adj.无条件的,无限制的,绝对的
  • The victorious army demanded unconditional surrender.胜方要求敌人无条件投降。
  • My love for all my children is unconditional.我对自己所有孩子的爱都是无条件的。
n.起诉;诉状
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
  • They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。
n.顾问,指导老师,劝告者
  • They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
  • The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。
学英语单词
a horse of another color
agricultural surplus
ako
all-girl
Almirante Brown Canyon
Annobón, I.de
apricot jam
Aprigliano
Ashton Irwin
AZS automatic zero set
back away from
Bar Hebraeus
benzoglycolisacid
bezoglioxaline
brass alloys
capillary refill
capital cover
centralized school
chance events
clinical symptoms
compact nebula
composite functor
current-balance relay
damnably
dry unit
eiusdem generis
electrostatic oscillograph
elix
endoliths
Eulamellibranchia
eupelmus tachardiae
exchange-correlation
extraction eluting resin
family typhlopidaes
flyspecks
free-agents
ghotbzadehs
GMSS
gonostomatid
grouped column
hemiketal
hydro-vac power brake
instinct with
internal external rotary pump
intra-industry
jahorina
job subsidies
junk collector
kronrod bit matrices
Lagrange Peak
laminar model
light loadline
live guy
live-work
logical calculus
master-of-ceremonies
neoglycoconjugates
non-ionic surface-active detergent
noncoherent combing loss
off-site backup
oil immersed self cooled transformer
oligotoma greeniana
paratextualities
pfl-activase
phosphoglucosamine mutase
pinnatella ambigua
pitches
pledged asset
post-nuptial molt
propellant handling
protein maintenance requirement
pulse repetition frequency jitter
purpura scorbutica
quercus ilexes
radionuclide kinetics
re-jigger
regenerative oscillation
regiones dorsalis manus
restructurer
shaded pole type
shrouds
signalised
slow-spiral drill
solution Thiersch's
spatial charging
successio ab intestato
Sungaigerong
switch tender
tally charge
terminal sinus
thermal stabilizer
trig function
tsering
turbidity transmitter
uniformly absolutely continuous
upper oil-header
vena gastrica-dextra
Venetian School
warrantying
waveform changes
win a lawsuit
Xiao Hong