时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   直译法是指翻译时既要忠实地传达出原文内容,又要保留原文的形式和风格,力求将原文原汁原味地呈现给读者。而与直译法相对,意译法是指翻译时不受原文词语表面语义的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。下面以具体真题为例来说明直译法与意译法的运用。


  1) 直译法
  This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness 1 and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(2015.46)
  在翻译该句时,大家首先要对句子的语法结构有一个正确的认识。本句中built和shaped是and连接的两个并列的谓语动词,主语是this movement,指上文的emigration,其后的driven by powerful motivations是过去分词短语作后置定语来修饰主语的,宾语部分是a nation和the character and destiny,这里out of a wilderness作状语,of an uncharted continent是of短语做后置定语修饰the character and destiny,by its nature在句中做插入语。厘清了句子结构,大家在翻译时就能够正确地把握汉语译文的语序,这对于实现“通顺”这一标准很重要。另外,准确翻译该句还需要大家掌握“out of,从……当中、从……里”和“uncharted,未经探测的、未知的”这两个释义。清楚了这些,我们就可以用直译法来把句子清楚流畅地翻译出来,译文如下:
  由多种强大动机驱使的这次移民运动,在一片荒野上建立起了一个国家,并从本质上塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
  2) 意译法
  In dealing 2 with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”. (2005.50)
  该句首先考查了大家对“it作形式主语”这个语法点的掌握,其次考查了deal with和on such a scale两个短语的释义,最后考查了大家对句中引号部分的理解和翻译。“deal with”本义为“处理、与……打交道”,但这里考虑到其后宾语是“challenge,挑战”以及汉语的习惯表达,我们要把 它意译为“应对”,“on such a scale”意为“如此规模的”,用来修饰challenge。根据前面所讲的“it作形式主语”的翻译方法,我们可以将句子的后半句基本译为“毫不夸张地说……”,但省略号部分对大家来说比较难处理。多数考生会进行直译,翻译成“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去”,此译文基本传达出了原文意思,但汉语表述并不是很清楚明确。实际上对于该部分,我们使用意译法来翻译更好,根据语境,“stand”和“fall”可分别译为“成功”和“失败”。译文如下:
  在应对如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会成功;分裂,我们就会失败”。
  3)直译与意译结合
  He adds humbly 3 that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and observing them carefully.” (2008.49)
  翻译时,大家还是要先弄懂句子结构,该句中he指代上文中的“Darwin,达尔文”,that引导宾语从句,从句中“in noticing…observing them carefully”在从句中作状语,翻译时要提前,而且其中which引导的定从又来修饰其前的things。此外,大家还要理解句中部分单词和短语的释义,“superior to”意为“优于、胜于;地位高于;包括范围广于”,“common”意为“普通的、日常的”,“run”意为“种族”,则“the common run of men”译为“普通人、常人”。这样我们基本上可以用直译法把句意传达出来,但定语从句“which easily escape attention”若直译为“容易逃脱注意力”,则不符合汉语的表达习惯,句意表达比较别扭,故宜采用意译法,译为“人们容易忽视”。由此整个句子可译为:
  达尔文谦虚地补充说道,“在注意到人们容易忽视的事物并在仔细观察他们方面,他或许优于普通人”。
  从历年真题考察情况来看,绝大多数句子都可以采用直译法,而且直译法也是广大考生最容易掌握和操作的方法,但需提醒大家注意直译法不等同于字对字的硬译或死译,正确运用直译法还需要大家对英语句子的语法有一定的理解。

n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等,荒漠
  • She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
n.经商方法,待人态度
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
adv. 恭顺地,谦卑地
  • We humbly beg Your Majesty to show mercy. 我们恳请陛下发发慈悲。
  • "You must be right, Sir,'said John humbly. “你一定是对的,先生,”约翰恭顺地说道。
标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
aberrant cycle
absolute frequencies
actual dishonour
Ae.E.
allelgic asthma
arteria renalis
atemporality
automatic system initiation
Back water!
bimoment
blastclastic
borrowing venture
building hardware factory
busie
caldron
censored sample
cherkassy (cherkasy)
citrus obovoidea hort ex takahashi
coming under
corn-snake
cotton prints
cowntewery
cumi-cumi
cyanopindolol
Cycloheterophyllin
Cyclomet
dcvb
deer-skin
desulfitobacterium
directional antenna
dossie
driven element
Earlton
electromotive robot
epiplasm
epoxy spray coating machine
fantasizers
farmland shelter forest
fibre optic faced tube
foreordinated
freel
fullycharged
gazebolike
genitalization
geothermal exploration
ground unit
handpicks
hard-gloss paint
hebin
Hetaeria elongata
high flux heater
holcom
horsejockey
howrahs
human performance times (hpt)
hypomelanoses
impermissive
issue identification
Kochmes
kr.
labor health
light excitation
MEDINET-D
mill head assay
ministry of economic affairs
Mister nice-guy
moor light
N-9
neptunium
nunez
options trading exchange participant
Ouatagouna
overall treatment time
pencil-necks
personal error
porefield
radio frequency relay
read zero
recording supervisor
regulating ring
safety monkey
scale peripheral associated cells
servo swap
shooting through
skenoscop
snow swamp
soap shaving machine
soopolallie
spaced boarding
Sphenophyllales
Spinachitina
stalin (donetsk)
sulphonphthalein
tail shealth
take the arm
tanker airplane
tourings
universal stimulus display instrument
unlawful oath
vacking
well-sifted
worm drive