时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   直译法是指翻译时既要忠实地传达出原文内容,又要保留原文的形式和风格,力求将原文原汁原味地呈现给读者。而与直译法相对,意译法是指翻译时不受原文词语表面语义的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。下面以具体真题为例来说明直译法与意译法的运用。


  1) 直译法
  This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness 1 and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(2015.46)
  在翻译该句时,大家首先要对句子的语法结构有一个正确的认识。本句中built和shaped是and连接的两个并列的谓语动词,主语是this movement,指上文的emigration,其后的driven by powerful motivations是过去分词短语作后置定语来修饰主语的,宾语部分是a nation和the character and destiny,这里out of a wilderness作状语,of an uncharted continent是of短语做后置定语修饰the character and destiny,by its nature在句中做插入语。厘清了句子结构,大家在翻译时就能够正确地把握汉语译文的语序,这对于实现“通顺”这一标准很重要。另外,准确翻译该句还需要大家掌握“out of,从……当中、从……里”和“uncharted,未经探测的、未知的”这两个释义。清楚了这些,我们就可以用直译法来把句子清楚流畅地翻译出来,译文如下:
  由多种强大动机驱使的这次移民运动,在一片荒野上建立起了一个国家,并从本质上塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
  2) 意译法
  In dealing 2 with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”. (2005.50)
  该句首先考查了大家对“it作形式主语”这个语法点的掌握,其次考查了deal with和on such a scale两个短语的释义,最后考查了大家对句中引号部分的理解和翻译。“deal with”本义为“处理、与……打交道”,但这里考虑到其后宾语是“challenge,挑战”以及汉语的习惯表达,我们要把 它意译为“应对”,“on such a scale”意为“如此规模的”,用来修饰challenge。根据前面所讲的“it作形式主语”的翻译方法,我们可以将句子的后半句基本译为“毫不夸张地说……”,但省略号部分对大家来说比较难处理。多数考生会进行直译,翻译成“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去”,此译文基本传达出了原文意思,但汉语表述并不是很清楚明确。实际上对于该部分,我们使用意译法来翻译更好,根据语境,“stand”和“fall”可分别译为“成功”和“失败”。译文如下:
  在应对如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会成功;分裂,我们就会失败”。
  3)直译与意译结合
  He adds humbly 3 that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and observing them carefully.” (2008.49)
  翻译时,大家还是要先弄懂句子结构,该句中he指代上文中的“Darwin,达尔文”,that引导宾语从句,从句中“in noticing…observing them carefully”在从句中作状语,翻译时要提前,而且其中which引导的定从又来修饰其前的things。此外,大家还要理解句中部分单词和短语的释义,“superior to”意为“优于、胜于;地位高于;包括范围广于”,“common”意为“普通的、日常的”,“run”意为“种族”,则“the common run of men”译为“普通人、常人”。这样我们基本上可以用直译法把句意传达出来,但定语从句“which easily escape attention”若直译为“容易逃脱注意力”,则不符合汉语的表达习惯,句意表达比较别扭,故宜采用意译法,译为“人们容易忽视”。由此整个句子可译为:
  达尔文谦虚地补充说道,“在注意到人们容易忽视的事物并在仔细观察他们方面,他或许优于普通人”。
  从历年真题考察情况来看,绝大多数句子都可以采用直译法,而且直译法也是广大考生最容易掌握和操作的方法,但需提醒大家注意直译法不等同于字对字的硬译或死译,正确运用直译法还需要大家对英语句子的语法有一定的理解。

n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等,荒漠
  • She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
n.经商方法,待人态度
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
adv. 恭顺地,谦卑地
  • We humbly beg Your Majesty to show mercy. 我们恳请陛下发发慈悲。
  • "You must be right, Sir,'said John humbly. “你一定是对的,先生,”约翰恭顺地说道。
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abrupt deceleration vehicle
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