时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   现在分词和过去分词是考研中的重要考点之一,在翻译中出现的频率也很高,现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。分词在句子中可做状语也可做定语。


  1.分词作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分 词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
  2.分词作定语,做定语的单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。
  在翻译时,需首先判断分词在句子中所承担的成分,然后参照定语从句和状语从句的相关翻译技巧来翻译即可。
  【真题例句1】Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual 1 thought in a society.
  【解析】Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为“Whorf developed the idea”,Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。That引导同位语从句进一步解释说明idea。
  【参考译文】沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,因此逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯性思维的结构。
  【真题例句2】The emphasis on data gatheredfirst hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought toanalysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
  【解析】划线部分为过去分词作定语,句子的主干为“The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.”。介词结构on data作后置定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构gathered…作后置定语修饰限定data,过去分词结构combined with…作定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构brought to作后置定语修饰限定perspective。
  【参考译文】强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去与现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得人类学研究成为一门独特而且非常重要的社会科学。
  【真题例句3】Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.
  【解析】现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。句子的主干为“companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels”,现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。

adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
adrocaine
adzhars
air compressor bracket
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
alizarin bordeaux ba
Allium aciphyllum
anistreplase
backed away
bankfull discharge
be highly necessary to
be proportional to
biliscopin
buzzeth
Bāqir, Jab.
calc-gneiss
cancel session request
charity stripe
chrysoretin
complete annealing
coraco-hyoid muscle
Cormatin
cousin-german
dayworks
deep-skier
delofts
displacement component
divinitize
economic refugee
effective cutting edge
Eleocharis ovata
epidemic hemorragic fever virus
equi-mass model
family Primulaceae
field jacket
filariform larve
file tag in
film plane
Fossa cubitalis
four-wheel garage jack
freewheeled
galvanizers
good organization
high-rater
hook someone up
hydrocarbon analyzer
in return for this
intermediate vadose water
interrupt queue head pointer
introduction agency
inversion of kinematic-chain
Janūb Dārfūr, Wilayah
Khawr, Sharm al
kurtzke
labda
machine vice
major plate
materials cost account
megapacks
melarsomine
mellitimide
modified factor system
morphine type drug dependence
multi-tapping
navigation and guidance
navigation light board
night-fishing
non-buyers
non-marketed
norm of progressive average
outlet edge of impeller blade
overspecified
pick a back export scheme
posterior spinocerebellar tract
precentral gyruss
prison ring
rate of cure
reenthroning
reglutinate
relative wear of the tool flank
ringbird
running free
sceptry
SDFG
seed aspirator
septate parenchyma
sequesterment
shillman
super atmospheric pressure
superalumag
suspended silo unloader
tanenhaus
thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl
three cotton genotypes
transformer with ring core
transverse intersection
tutorest
vigna radiatas
weathered stone
WKBJ method
womanises
Xicohténcatl
zizzo