时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   现在分词和过去分词是考研中的重要考点之一,在翻译中出现的频率也很高,现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。分词在句子中可做状语也可做定语。


  1.分词作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分 词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
  2.分词作定语,做定语的单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。
  在翻译时,需首先判断分词在句子中所承担的成分,然后参照定语从句和状语从句的相关翻译技巧来翻译即可。
  【真题例句1】Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual 1 thought in a society.
  【解析】Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为“Whorf developed the idea”,Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。That引导同位语从句进一步解释说明idea。
  【参考译文】沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,因此逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯性思维的结构。
  【真题例句2】The emphasis on data gatheredfirst hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought toanalysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
  【解析】划线部分为过去分词作定语,句子的主干为“The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.”。介词结构on data作后置定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构gathered…作后置定语修饰限定data,过去分词结构combined with…作定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构brought to作后置定语修饰限定perspective。
  【参考译文】强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去与现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得人类学研究成为一门独特而且非常重要的社会科学。
  【真题例句3】Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.
  【解析】现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。句子的主干为“companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels”,现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。

adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
标签: 考研英语
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administrative readjustment
alaudidaes
arshile gorky
Balagne
Biver
Bulzi
buzzes in
cardmember
castlemaine
certified instrument
colletotrichum rhoinum tassi
complection
concentrate feed
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constrained kinematic chain
consummateth
continuous casting
curly-haired
cutaway dive
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Dictyoclostus
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doxing
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electrically-operated platform truck
erosion mountains
erythroblastotic
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feeler spring pin
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generator unit stator
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hartnell
herdmate comparison
high volume sampler
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hoogenband
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incisiver suture
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line frequency generator
link-local address
long-term government bonds
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marine atmosphere corrosion-resisting structural steel
maritime buoyage system agreement
methylone
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Orthosiphon spicatus
overrunner
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skin irritation assay
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steam turbine rotor
strong gluten
subfamily Triglinae
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thalamic medullary stria
the shakes
thermometer dial
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three-dimensional model
timeframes
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transposition pin
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u-tube hydrometer
ulcerable
vault money
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wavelength spectrometer
whelping
yekke
yellow globe lily