时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课
  现在分词和过去分词是考研中的重要考点之一,在翻译中出现的频率也很高,现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。分词在句子中可做状语也可做定语。
  1.分词作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
  2.分词作定语,做定语的单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。
  在翻译时,需首先判断分词在句子中所承担的成分,然后参照定语从句和状语从句的相关翻译技巧来翻译即可。
  【真题例句1】Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual 1 thought in a society.
  【解析】Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为“Whorf developed the idea”,Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。That引导同位语从句进一步解释说明idea。
  【参考译文】沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,因此逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯性思维的结构。
  【真题例句2】The emphasis on data gatheredfirst hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought toanalysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
  【解析】划线部分为过去分词作定语,句子的主干为“The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.”。介词结构on data作后置定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构gathered…作后置定语修饰限定data,过去分词结构combined with…作定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构brought to作后置定语修饰限定perspective。
  【参考译文】强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去与现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得人类学研究成为一门独特而且非常重要的社会科学。
  【真题例句3】Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.
  【解析】现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。句子的主干为“companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels”,现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。
  【参考译文】公司因此感到了威胁,便做出了反应,写出越来越长的警示标识语,力图预先标明种种可能发生的事故。

adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
abundance ratio of isotopes
achorn
agricultural machine
air bridge
Aksuat, Ozero
ameliorates
arcticologist
arnage
auger conveyor box
Austin Flint accentuated
basic categories
battleship curve
black shade
Brentan
Calophanoides quadrifaria
carpinus londoniana winkl.
Carteolo
catheter puller
catoptric telescope
cherrystone clam
cleansing oil
concussions
consolidated account expenditure
convection currents
Copromonas
coucy
curb lane
curtains for
decener
dilatation and curettage
Diosig
disciplinest
dissimile
dry-and-wet-bulb temperature
engine analyzer
enraptured
fictional animal
freeridden
gearjammers
Haddarm
hairy-legged vampire bat
harbo(u)r traffic capacity
headmistress
hearing office
hormone metabolism
hot minutes
inert gas tungsten arc welding
Interactive Multimedia Association
left hand thread tap
legal defence
libidinizes
lista
lithuanians
lizard balloon
made haste
magnetotails
Malit
medical practices
microbiological laboratory
Multipication Sign
musem
MV (mean value)
navel-timbers
nitrocellulose-nitroglycerine mixture
nitrofurazonium
nuptial
nursing unit
obese medicine
odie
oval wire
over-coring
oversleep
parallelopipedons
passenger rated traffic
permanent residency
polyenergetic radiation
powered stretcher mounted duster
process-limited
pull one's punches
railroad hauling car
random input running test
rectifier type echo suppressor
San Leo
serpicoes
service data unit
sinhs
smid
squibb
stretch for the impossible
strike-balk
struthioniform birds
sub-notebook
take a dim view
terminal row
to lead sb astray
tulich
Van SIyke-Cullen's methods
Wallop G
woken
work item
zos-grass