时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课
  现在分词和过去分词是考研中的重要考点之一,在翻译中出现的频率也很高,现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。分词在句子中可做状语也可做定语。
  1.分词作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
  2.分词作定语,做定语的单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。
  在翻译时,需首先判断分词在句子中所承担的成分,然后参照定语从句和状语从句的相关翻译技巧来翻译即可。
  【真题例句1】Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual 1 thought in a society.
  【解析】Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为“Whorf developed the idea”,Being interested in…现在分词结构作状语,表原因。That引导同位语从句进一步解释说明idea。
  【参考译文】沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,因此逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯性思维的结构。
  【真题例句2】The emphasis on data gatheredfirst hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought toanalysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
  【解析】划线部分为过去分词作定语,句子的主干为“The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.”。介词结构on data作后置定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构gathered…作后置定语修饰限定data,过去分词结构combined with…作定语修饰限定emphasis,过去分词结构brought to作后置定语修饰限定perspective。
  【参考译文】强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去与现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得人类学研究成为一门独特而且非常重要的社会科学。
  【真题例句3】Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.
  【解析】现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。句子的主干为“companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels”,现在分词结构Feeling threatened作状语,表原因;现在分词结构trying to…作状语,表目的。
  【参考译文】公司因此感到了威胁,便做出了反应,写出越来越长的警示标识语,力图预先标明种种可能发生的事故。

adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
-rei
above resonance balancing machine
al-kabirs
algorithm selection
anatomic element
antisymbolist
basic contract
beneficiated party
betitle
beverse
blue (best linear unbiased estimator)
Bol'shakovo
caecilius confusus
cheap at the price
check-cord of lower lip
Chingis Khana, Val(Genghis Khan, Wall of)
Cleomenes
cock-fight
concentric cylinders
creatureless
cuff for sphygmomanometer
damper of dolphin mooring
dechoker
deep-penetrating
densities
design of flight strip
dimethylboric anhydride
discorded
distancings
doctrine of education
drive group substructure
electroluminescent panel
enzyme inhibiting interaction
erches
essive-formal
ethyl alcoh(ol)
extended vector
family paradisaeidaes
faustus socinuss
feed rate indicator
ferdinand magellans
figbirds
flashover relay
fore and aft shift
gaultherias
genus Ramalina
get sb to do sth
glazing paint
gteau
HFALV
Humay
hydrothermal geothermal field
i.c.r.
interaction boson fermion model
IOME
Isetskoye
kladnoite
Laves' phases
lcr
macarov
Marshall Islander
medmenhams
milacids
mitotic death
navigation elements
neapiest
nonnegative integral form
oil cooler jacket
on-treatment
ovastacin
overseas chinese students
pachometer(pachymeter)
peak annual output
Pescadores
Pfaffenwiesbach
physopod
podzolization of soils
polar crane supporting skirt
Poncet's rheumatism
power tail stock
printer file
procurement costs
rectangular quadrilateral
remote places
sanbenitos
sitcommish
slightly viscoelastic fluid
special liquid red lead
Stability of Ship
striptokinase-streptodornase
subdivision zygomycotas
surface nano-crystallization
surge absorber
symptomizes
thoroughbred races
thousand-foot board measure
three-phase region
transparent data
underwater visibility
upright of a boring machine
Yoloy
your spiritual home