时间:2019-01-03 作者:英语课 分类:2018年VOA慢速英语(六)月


英语课

US Has Separated Families Throughout History


Many Americans are expressing shock at the Trump 1 administration’s policy of separating children from their parents at the United States’ border with Mexico.


But throughout U.S. history, officials have taken such action. Here are some examples:


Slavery


Slave families were often separated in sale. Slave owners could sell slave children to anyone. Their parents had no legal rights to prevent their sale and could do little to stop them.


Some slave families attempted to escape. But all faced severe punishment, even death, if captured.


Last week, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions used the Christian 2 holy book, the Bible, to defend the policy of forced separation.


He said, “I would cite you to the Apostle Paul and his clear and wise command in Romans 13, to obey the laws of the government because God has ordained 4 them for the purpose of order.”


That same passage was cited before the Civil War as a defense 5 for separating slave children from their mothers.


Native American boarding schools


In the 1870s, the United States began a policy of forcible assimilation for Native Americans. The government ordered the removal of Native American children from their families and reservations. They were sent to boarding schools that many described as similar to prisons. The schools were established with the goal destroying all Indian tradition and nature within the child.


At about 150 Indian schools around the country, officials made Native American children cut their traditional long hair and banned them from speaking in their native language. The schools forced the children to accept Christianity and white customs.


Native American children returned home almost unrecognizable to their parents. Still, some children resisted by setting fires to buildings, running away or taking their own lives.


Others continued to speak their native language in secret. Some Navajo “code talkers” were students at the boarding schools as children. During World War II, they used a code based on their native language to send secret messages for the U.S. military. Indian boarding school policies remained in place through the 1960s.


Poverty


During the early 1900s, American states sometimes took children from poor families and placed them in orphanages 7.


Author Michael Katz wrote in his book “In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History Of Welfare In America” that this practice ended in the 1920s and 1930s.


However, Katz said, local and state officials continued to use poverty as a reason to take children away from Native American and African American families. Sometimes the ordered separation came over concerns about a parent’s mental health.


The late civil rights activist 8 Malcolm X described his experience of such treatment in a book about his life. He wrote that government workers took him and his siblings 10 from his mother after the murder of their father.


He said he lived in several foster homes and boarding houses. He said his mother, without her children, had a psychological breakdown 11 and was ordered to a mental health asylum 12.


Great Depression repatriation 13


During the Great Depression, California and Texas officials blamed Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans for the economic event. They forced between 500,000 and 1 million Mexicans and Mexican Americans to leave the U.S.


Francisco Balderrama co-wrote “Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s.” He said some families hid children with family members in the U.S. to prevent them from being sent from the country.


Many families felt they were being forced to separate from their children, who were U.S. citizens. “And many children,” Balderrama said, “never saw their parents again.”


Japanese internment 14 camp


Former U.S. first lady Laura Bush criticized the current family separation policy in an opinion piece published by The Washington Post newspaper.


She compared the images of children in tent cities in the desert outside El Paso, Texas, to those in “internment camps for U.S. citizens and noncitizens of Japanese descent during World War II.”


In 1942, shortly after the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces, President Franklin Roosevelt signed an order forcing around 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry 15 into internment camps around the country, including 30,000 children.


George Takei is an American actor who was sent to an internment camp at the age of five.


Takei wrote in Foreign Policy, “At least during the internment of Japanese-Americans, I and other children were not stripped from our parents. We were not pulled screaming from our mothers’ arms. We were not left to change the diapers of younger children by ourselves.”


I’m Jonathan Evans. And I’m Ashley Thompson.


Words in This Story


cite - v. to write or say the words from a book, an author, etc.


ordain 3 - v. to officially establish or order


assimilation - n. an action to cause a person or group to become part of a different society, country


code - n. a set of letters, numbers, symbols used to secretly send messages


orphanage 6 - n. a place where children without parents can live and be cared for


practice - n. something that is done often or regularly


sibling 9 - n. a brother or sister


foster - adj. used to describe a situation in which a child is cared for by someone other than his parents


psychological - adj. of or relating to the mind


strip - v. to remove


scream - v. to cry loudly because of pain or surprise


diaper - n. a piece of clothe or material fastened around a baby to hold body waste



n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒
  • They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
  • His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。
vi.颁发命令;vt.命令,授以圣职,注定,任命
  • The church's ruling body voted to ordain women as priests.该教会的管理机构投票通过接纳女性为牧师。
  • The essence of management refers to its internal inevitable ordain quality,and is also called ultimate attribute.管理的本质是指管理自身内在的必然的规定性,即根本属性。
v.任命(某人)为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 );授予(某人)圣职;(上帝、法律等)命令;判定
  • He was ordained in 1984. 他在一九八四年被任命为牧师。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was ordained priest. 他被任命为牧师。 来自辞典例句
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
n.孤儿院
  • They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage.他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。
  • They gave the proceeds of the sale to the orphanage.他们把销售的收入给了这家孤儿院。
孤儿院( orphanage的名词复数 )
  • It is Rotarians running orphanages for children who have no homes. 扶轮社员们为没有家的孩子办孤儿院。
  • Through the years, she built churches, hospitals and orphanages. 许多年来,她盖了一间间的教堂、医院、育幼院。
n.活动分子,积极分子
  • He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
  • He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。
n.同胞手足(指兄、弟、姐或妹)
  • Many of us hate living in the shadows of a more successful sibling.我们很多人都讨厌活在更为成功的手足的阴影下。
  • Sibling ravalry has been common in this family.这个家里,兄弟姊妹之间的矛盾很平常。
n.兄弟,姐妹( sibling的名词复数 )
  • A triplet sleeps amongst its two siblings. 一个三胞胎睡在其两个同胞之间。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She has no way of tracking the donor or her half-siblings down. 她没办法找到那个捐精者或她的兄弟姐妹。 来自时文部分
n.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌
  • She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
  • The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障,但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。
n.避难所,庇护所,避难
  • The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
  • Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。
n.遣送回国,归国
  • The Volrep programme is the preferred means of repatriation. 政府认为自愿遣返计划的遣返方法较为可取。 来自互联网
  • Arrange the cargo claiming and maritime affairs,crews repatriation,medical treatment,traveling so on. (六)洽办货物理赔,船舶海事处理,办理船员遣返,就医,旅游等。 来自互联网
n.拘留
  • Certainly the recent attacks against the internment camps are evidence enough. 很明显,最近营地遭受到的攻击就是一个足好的证明。 来自互联网
  • The chapters on the internment are Both readaBle and well researched. 这些关于拘留的章节不仅具可读性而且研究得很透彻。 来自互联网
n.祖先,家世
  • Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
  • He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。
学英语单词
acoustic damping parameter
actual sin
alternative depth
Barber, Samuel
beyonces
bruichladdich
budget study
Cajnice
Cayley graph
cextract
collapse model of corporate image
commutative primitive
concrete bathing and mixing plant
contray
coping style
crawler width
dcASM
deciseconds
demme
deslime
dextrinizing
distillate hold-up tank
divvies
edeagra
electronical integration assembly
eloping
eurotra
eutopium chelate laser
flexible polymer
free setting ratio
frictionary
g-cal,g-cal.
Gaius Cassius Longinus
giant oarfish
graphic symbol
Great Abaco
guaethol
heartachingly
hexosemonophosphate pathway
ideation management
information group seperator
internetize
inworks
ISDS
Islamophile
kamimuria lepida
labour saving device
lexical redundancy rule
main patent
mantel-tree
material requested
maturation zone
maximum water holding capacity
MEAP
merchandise inventory initial
mode simulator
mpri
n-resonance
NAPG
nazek
NPRINT
oil gaging tape
olazbal
operating system service
ototoxicology
paddy field
pail for used dressings
pepsinogen-ii
picture synchronization transmission system
platinum-wire ring
PMS
popistry
Presumed Choice of Law
radial armature
rammer
recompensers
reinventive
renipelvic
resin catcher
right most terminal set
rudder-head shaft
self-cleaning contacts
Serratia marcescens
sexual harassment in the workplace
sit for the examination
skill worker
stand someone up
steinhorn
stratocumuli
Strömfors
study hall
subsultive
talent introduction
tertiary constriction
tie something up
tolui
torpedo testing barge
unaddicted
Valley Stream
variable geometry aircraft
whitemetal lining
wrastle