时间:2018-12-01 作者:英语课 分类:历年考研英语阅读理解


英语课
[00:00.00]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[00:03.79]1999 Passage5
[00:07.41]Science, in practice, depends far less
[00:10.29]on the experiments it prepares
[00:12.59]than on the preparedness of the minds of the men
[00:15.71]who watch the experiments.
[00:18.55]Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity
[00:21.69]through the fall of an apple.
[00:23.81]Apples had been falling in many places for centuries
[00:26.93]and thousands of people had seen them fall.
[00:30.62]But Newton for years had been curious
[00:33.04]about the cause of the orbital motion
[00:35.36]of the moon and planets.
[00:37.88]What kept them in place?
[00:39.80]Why didn't they fall out of the sky?
[00:42.82]The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth
[00:46.35]and not up into the tree answered the question
[00:49.68]he had been asking himself
[00:51.56]about those larger fruits of the heavens,
[00:54.49]the moon and the planets.
[00:57.39]How many men would have considered the possibility
[01:00.16]of an apple falling up into the tree?
[01:03.79]Newton did because he was not trying
[01:06.21]to predict anything.
[01:08.02]He was just wondering.
[01:10.54]His mind was ready for the unpredictable.
[01:13.88]Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.
[01:19.24]If you don't have unpredictable things,
[01:21.45]you don't have research.
[01:23.37]Scientists tend to forget this when writing their
[01:26.25]cut and dried reports for the technical journals,
[01:29.67]but history is filled with examples of it.
[01:32.99]In talking to some scientists,
[01:35.06]particularly younger ones,
[01:37.18]you might gather the impression that they find
[01:39.70]the "scientific method" a substitute for imaginative thought.
[01:45.25]I've attended research conferences
[01:47.48]where a scientist has been asked
[01:49.23]what he thinks about the advisability
[01:51.82]of continuing a certain experiment.
[01:54.85]The scientist has frowned,
[01:56.87]looked at the graphs,
[01:58.38]and said "the data are still inconclusive."
[02:02.31]"We know that," the men from the budget office have said.
[02:06.25]"But what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on?
[02:10.77]What do you think we might expect?"
[02:14.00]The scientist has been shocked
[02:15.87]at having even been asked to speculate.
[02:18.70]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[02:20.12]What this amounts to, of course,
[02:21.93]is that the scientist has become
[02:23.65]the victim of his own writings.
[02:26.36]He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently
[02:30.47]that he not only believes them himself,
[02:33.59]but has convinced industrial
[02:35.41]and business management that they are true.
[02:38.93]If experiments are planned and carried out
[02:41.86]according to plan as faithfully as the reports
[02:45.19]in the science journals indicate,
[02:47.50]then it is perfectly 1 logical for management
[02:50.28]to expect research to produce results
[02:53.29]measurable in dollars and cents.
[02:56.71]It is entirely 2 reasonable for auditors 3 to believe
[02:59.75]that scientists who know exactly
[03:02.06]where they are going and how they will get there
[03:04.87]should not be distracted by the necessity
[03:07.94]of keeping one eye on the cash register
[03:10.84]while the other eye is on the microscope.
[03:14.46]Nor, if regularity 4 and conformity 5 to a standard pattern
[03:18.90]are as desirable to the scientist
[03:21.41]as the writing of his papers
[03:23.03]would appear to reflect,
[03:24.91]is management to be blamed
[03:26.79]for discriminating 6 against the "odd balls" among researchers
[03:31.03]in favor of more conventional thinkers
[03:33.75]who "work well with the team."


1 perfectly
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
2 entirely
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
3 auditors
n.审计员,稽核员( auditor的名词复数 );(大学课程的)旁听生
  • The company has been in litigation with its previous auditors for a full year. 那家公司与前任审计员已打了整整一年的官司。
  • a meeting to discuss the annual accounts and the auditors' report thereon 讨论年度报表及其审计报告的会议
4 regularity
n.规律性,规则性;匀称,整齐
  • The idea is to maintain the regularity of the heartbeat.问题就是要维持心跳的规律性。
  • He exercised with a regularity that amazed us.他锻炼的规律程度令我们非常惊讶。
5 conformity
n.一致,遵从,顺从
  • Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法?
  • The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。
6 discriminating
a.有辨别能力的
  • Due caution should be exercised in discriminating between the two. 在区别这两者时应该相当谨慎。
  • Many businesses are accused of discriminating against women. 许多企业被控有歧视妇女的做法。
学英语单词
2-pyridinecarboxylic acid
abilitism
above all else
active sub-file
advisory for gale
afri
alpinia officinarum
ammonium iron chloride
antimony ore
arsenious
B stories
backstepping
Bacterium cuniculicidus immobile
be going through changes
binocular colour mixing
breath holding spell
bud molar
cerebral ischemia
cesarevitch
cholangiojejunostomies
comparative planetology
coulomb's equation
D-A (digital-analog)
data terminal equipment (dte)
decantor
diabolicality
dietary induced thermogenesis
donald glasers
dornan
endogenous pigment
environment ecology
equalizing switch
escapement noise
fast-hardening
finger plates
foot-bridge
foot-guards
gevs
gnidilatiin
Grangetown
Gülitz
hemiorthotropy
herba pyrolae
hexacosene dicarboxylic acid
higher high water interval
higher up
horizontal hitch adjuster
i-broched
installing hole
interface layer
Kronig's method
lambeau
laying-out table
lengthwise streaking
letterature
mammogen
mannopine
manual telephone exchange
microprocessor instrument
mtpy
one-pass scheme
oolert
order phalangidas
Padus integrifolia
person-hours
Peumus
phantom punch
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
posterior ascending branch
potted plant management
professionnel
Pyrrhonists
quantum-optical generator
rga
roods
Rutland County(Rutlandshire)
sa'angreal
safe regulations
Saldenburg
selector range
setfillpattern
simulated highland climate test
single-ring feed
skibble
sleeveless blouse
solvent vapo(u)r
splutters
stabilizing adjustment
Texas, State of
total emissivity measurement
tuberculosis of larynx
tumbler washer
tuned plate tuned grid circuit
unbeleue
unfit parts box
vacuum controlled gearshift
valib
violations of subroutines
wash water system
window-shopped
writing software package
Zitronensauresirup