历年考研英语阅读理解mp3(97-3)
时间：2018-12-01 作者：英语课 分类：历年考研英语阅读理解
英语课
[00:00.00]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[00:03.69]1997 Passage3
[00:07.32]Technically, any substance other than food
[00:10.48]that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.
[00:15.31]Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only
[00:19.76]to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical
[00:23.05]taken by drug addicts 1.
[00:25.47]They don't realize that familiar substances
[00:28.19]such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.
[00:32.59]This is why the more neutral term substance is now used
[00:36.61]by many physicians and psychologists.
[00:40.55]The phrase "substance abuse" is often used
[00:43.77]instead of "drug abuse" to make clear
[00:46.39]that substances such as alcohol and tobacco
[00:49.93]can be just as harmfully misused 2 as heroin 3 and cocaine 4.
[00:55.08]We live in a society in which the medicinal and social
[00:58.60]use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:
[01:02.84]an aspirin 5 to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable,
[01:07.37]coffee to get going in the morning,
[01:09.89]a cigarette for the nerves.
[01:12.72]When do these socially acceptable and apparently
[01:15.92]constructive uses of a substance become misuses 6?
[01:20.25]First of all,
[01:21.42]most substances taken in excess
[01:23.85]will produce negative effects such as poisoning
[01:27.17]or intense perceptual distortions.
[01:30.60]Repeated use of a substance
[01:32.42]can also lead to physical addiction 7 or substance dependence 8.
[01:37.36]Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,
[01:41.38]with more and more of the substance
[01:43.30]required to produce the desired effect,
[01:46.83]and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal 9 symptoms
[01:51.18]when the substance is discontinued.
[01:53.47]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[01:54.37]Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system
[01:59.10]and alter perception, mood, and behavior
[02:03.04]are known as psychoactive substances.
[02:06.16]Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped
[02:09.09]according to whether they are stimulants,
[02:11.41]depressants, or hallucinogens.
[02:14.33]Stimulants initially 10 speed up or activate
[02:17.76]the central nervous system,
[02:19.57]whereas depressants slow it down.
[02:23.01]Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception,
[02:27.36]distorting and altering it in a variety of ways
[02:31.60]including producing hallucinations.
[02:35.32]These are the substances often called psychedelic
[02:39.05](from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting")
[02:43.80]because they seemed to radically 11 alter
[02:46.33]one's state of consciousness.
[00:03.69]1997 Passage3
[00:07.32]Technically, any substance other than food
[00:10.48]that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.
[00:15.31]Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only
[00:19.76]to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical
[00:23.05]taken by drug addicts 1.
[00:25.47]They don't realize that familiar substances
[00:28.19]such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.
[00:32.59]This is why the more neutral term substance is now used
[00:36.61]by many physicians and psychologists.
[00:40.55]The phrase "substance abuse" is often used
[00:43.77]instead of "drug abuse" to make clear
[00:46.39]that substances such as alcohol and tobacco
[00:49.93]can be just as harmfully misused 2 as heroin 3 and cocaine 4.
[00:55.08]We live in a society in which the medicinal and social
[00:58.60]use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:
[01:02.84]an aspirin 5 to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable,
[01:07.37]coffee to get going in the morning,
[01:09.89]a cigarette for the nerves.
[01:12.72]When do these socially acceptable and apparently
[01:15.92]constructive uses of a substance become misuses 6?
[01:20.25]First of all,
[01:21.42]most substances taken in excess
[01:23.85]will produce negative effects such as poisoning
[01:27.17]or intense perceptual distortions.
[01:30.60]Repeated use of a substance
[01:32.42]can also lead to physical addiction 7 or substance dependence 8.
[01:37.36]Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,
[01:41.38]with more and more of the substance
[01:43.30]required to produce the desired effect,
[01:46.83]and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal 9 symptoms
[01:51.18]when the substance is discontinued.
[01:53.47]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[01:54.37]Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system
[01:59.10]and alter perception, mood, and behavior
[02:03.04]are known as psychoactive substances.
[02:06.16]Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped
[02:09.09]according to whether they are stimulants,
[02:11.41]depressants, or hallucinogens.
[02:14.33]Stimulants initially 10 speed up or activate
[02:17.76]the central nervous system,
[02:19.57]whereas depressants slow it down.
[02:23.01]Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception,
[02:27.36]distorting and altering it in a variety of ways
[02:31.60]including producing hallucinations.
[02:35.32]These are the substances often called psychedelic
[02:39.05](from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting")
[02:43.80]because they seemed to radically 11 alter
[02:46.33]one's state of consciousness.
1 addicts
有…瘾的人( addict的名词复数 )； 入迷的人
- a unit for rehabilitating drug addicts 帮助吸毒者恢复正常生活的机构
- There is counseling to help Internet addicts?even online. 有咨询机构帮助网络沉迷者。 来自超越目标英语 第3册
2 misused
v.使用…不当( misuse的过去式和过去分词 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用
- He misused his dog shamefully. 他可耻地虐待自己的狗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He had grossly misused his power. 他严重滥用职权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 heroin
n.海洛因
- Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
- Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。
4 cocaine
n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）
- That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
- Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。
5 aspirin
n.阿司匹林
- The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
- She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。
6 misuses
n.用错，滥用( misuse的名词复数 )；误用者v.使用…不当( misuse的第三人称单数 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用
- He misuses his horses by giving them loads that are too heavy. 他给它们过重的负荷来虐待他的马。 来自互联网
- He often misuses his authority to tyrannize his underlings. 他常用手中的职权凌轹下属。 来自互联网
7 addiction
n.上瘾入迷，嗜好
- He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
- Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。
8 dependence
n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属
- Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
- He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。
9 withdrawal
n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销
- The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
- They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。