时间:2018-12-30 作者:英语课 分类:国家地理2008年


国家地理-2008-07-24 生存危机下的人体反应 - 英语课
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  1. 1 国家地理-2008-07-24 生存危机下的人体反应 英语课
英语课

In animals, this part of the brain evolved around the time of the dinosaurs 1 before mammals existed. It's hardwired to beat starvation. For three days Jean-Luc has been trapped underground. He hasn't had a morsel 2 to eat. He doesn't know it, but his brain is changing how his body functions and how he behaves.


There are a couple of different brain centers that graduate feeding behavior as well as hunger. They’re in different parts of the central part of the brain called the hypothalamus. And in that part of the brain you are really driven to seek out food to eat almost anything to try to stop yourself from starving to death.


 To drive Jean-Luc’s search for food his brain first releases a hormone 3--orexin. Orexin comes in tiny doses, but it has a profound effect. This hormone makes us more alert, improves our muscle efficiency, making us better hunters. It even sharpens our problem-solving skills.


 For days Jean-Luc scours 4 the caves. He finds water but nothing to eat. He starts to fear the worst.


 Even if when I had a little hope, I thought obsessively 5 what would happen over the last few days or the last hours before dying. It was a big question: how I would die--was it going to be cold or hunger or… It was a question that I always had in my head.


 Sure that he's doomed 6, he records a message. But as hope fades, Jean-Luc’s brain switches strategy to help him survive with no food. With his fuel stores depleted 7, his body becomes even more efficient. It makes him slow down. Now his muscles use less energy, so do all his internal organs. New cells grow more slowly. Nonessentials—fingernails, toenails, hair—hardly grow at all. Jean-Luc is entering a survival state that evolved to keep starving animals alive until they could get to food.


 This enforced efficiency which kicks in when we're at our limit may have bigger implications. Some say, it could help us all live longer.



n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 );守旧落伍的人,过时落后的东西
  • The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.一口,一点点
  • He refused to touch a morsel of the food they had brought.他们拿来的东西他一口也不吃。
  • The patient has not had a morsel of food since the morning.从早上起病人一直没有进食。
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
走遍(某地)搜寻(人或物)( scour的第三人称单数 ); (用力)刷; 擦净; 擦亮
  • The roasting pan scours better than pot. 烤盘比锅容易擦干净。
  • The best scours for UF membrane washing were 0.1%NaOH and 0.5%U10 solution consecutively washing. 0.1%NaOH 和0.5%U10溶液是理想的超滤膜清洗剂。
ad.着迷般地,过分地
  • Peter was obsessively jealous and his behaviour was driving his wife away. 彼得过分嫉妒的举止令他的妻子想离他而去。
  • He's rude to his friends and obsessively jealous. 他对他的朋友很无礼而且嫉妒心重。
命定的
  • The court doomed the accused to a long term of imprisonment. 法庭判处被告长期监禁。
  • A country ruled by an iron hand is doomed to suffer. 被铁腕人物统治的国家定会遭受不幸的。
学英语单词
antibotulism Serum
antiestablishmentarianism
Arctic loons
autocayalytic polycondensation
AY6608
azomethine compounds
Bao Thang
binary sediment
biopharmaceuticals
brake valve tee
canis latranss
chementation zone
conveyer loader
Dannoura
dendritic osteophyte
dimethylmaleic acid
disconnected metric space
drotaverin
efficiency measure
electrohysterograph
enfirm
Esaias
fictitious equator
finalizations
fine cord
floating lift net
fourth-form
Fressanges
functionalist theory of emotion
gene identity
grovel
Guo Xi
habitual criminals
haemal arch
helicoma palmigenum
immune response
iriye
isotretincin
jant
Keldysh diagram
kummerowia striata (thunb.) schindl.
latticed
lignum fernambuce
like as if
limit of strength
lipoxin
loudias potamos
loxoconcha nozokiensis
luminosities
lux (meter-candle)
margey
microwave landing system
myocoel
near-extinct
Neustift
nonsimple domain
Northwestern blotting
odds and sods
old neighborhood
paccar
placental zone
plain stem
pseudocercospora giranensis
psychological realism
queuing mechanism
rakus
ramp metering
re-send
resolvins
reverse brake shoe
Roland I.
rotary can filler
Saaler Bodden
schoby
self-loading pistol
showrunner
simds
sinapis semina
sincopas
sophoraflavonoloside
squeeze boxes
standard value of production
static flip-flop register
stearylamide
stochastic input
tabboleh
tea-strainer
tetraphenylene
the Frog
thermal creep
undercleaning
United Maritime Consultative Council
unleafs
unplaces
vacuum (incandescent) lamp
valley fill
vertical milling and boring machine
viewdata receiver
vinculum linguae
whigmaleerie, whigmaleeries
with a high hand
yopd